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"value": "<p>¡La nueva versión de IDEA StatiCa ya está aquí! Presentamos otro conjunto de nuevas funciones y mejoras para potenciar el diseño de sus proyectos de hormigón. Sin importar la complejidad de su proyecto de hormigón, IDEA StatiCa ofrece:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Verificaciones normativas completas</li>\n <li>Tipos de análisis avanzados</li>\n <li>Topología ilimitada de secciones transversales y disposición de armadura</li>\n <li>Todos los detalles de hormigón 2D</li>\n <li>Informes que permiten completar el proyecto</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Actualmente, nuestros usuarios realizan esto a través de aplicaciones separadas: Detail, RCS y Beam. Nos complace presentarles una aplicación completamente nueva en IDEA StatiCa Concrete - <strong>Member</strong>. Unificará todo el diseño y las verificaciones normativas de todos los elementos de hormigón armado en un solo lugar, integrado en su software de elementos finitos. Member estará disponible en versión BETA para todos los usuarios con cualquier licencia de hormigón de IDEA StatiCa.</p>\n<p>Además de esta nueva aplicación, puede encontrar mejoras en nuestros motores de verificación normativa:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Áreas parcialmente cargadas</li>\n <li>Verificación de fatiga</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Además de eso, hemos preparado algunas mejoras en la <strong>licencia de IDEA StatiCa</strong> para permitirle una gestión de licencias flexible y cómoda. </p>\n<p>Esperamos que disfrute de todas nuestras nuevas funciones y mejoras, y nos encantaría recibir sus comentarios en cualquier momento. </p>\n<p>¡Calcule las estimaciones de ayer!</p>"
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"value": "<p>La versión 20.1 presenta una nueva aplicación para el diseño de hormigón - Concrete Member BETA. Modele, arme y realice la verificación normativa de un elemento de hormigón crítico en minutos. </p>\n<h2>Geometría</h2>\n<p>Gracias a nuestra nueva aplicación, el usuario puede diseñar y evaluar fácilmente estructuras espaciales de hormigón armado compuestas por elementos 1-D, <strong>vigas</strong> y <strong>columnas</strong>. En el futuro, será posible analizar elementos estructurales 3-D de cualquier topología.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"d1af910f-dd63-4e10-a160-680ff55b49a6\" data-image-id=\"d1af910f-dd63-4e10-a160-680ff55b49a6\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/c0124ac5-cca4-4c47-a02d-376dd381631a/Geometry.png\" data-asset-id=\"d1af910f-dd63-4e10-a160-680ff55b49a6\" data-image-id=\"d1af910f-dd63-4e10-a160-680ff55b49a6\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Carga</h2>\n<p>La carga puede aplicarse en la dirección de cualquier eje del elemento mediante carga lineal. Los extremos de los elementos relacionados pueden estar sometidos a fuerzas puntuales (y momentos) que representan las fuerzas nodales obtenidas del análisis global.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b9f3b0d7-f70c-444e-a7d0-15beb1cca1cc\" data-image-id=\"b9f3b0d7-f70c-444e-a7d0-15beb1cca1cc\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/b7dd3740-550b-4ac9-b959-204d964e5125/loads.png\" data-asset-id=\"b9f3b0d7-f70c-444e-a7d0-15beb1cca1cc\" data-image-id=\"b9f3b0d7-f70c-444e-a7d0-15beb1cca1cc\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Armadura</h2>\n<p>Mediante nuestro conocido cuadro de diálogo, el usuario puede diseñar la armadura longitudinal y los estribos en cada elemento. Las plantillas predefinidas pueden acelerar todo el proceso de diseño de la armadura. Cada grupo de armadura longitudinal, así como los estribos, puede editarse fácilmente en la ventana de Propiedades. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"efb2f9f7-ed60-4132-b0f6-3ae453d5f6eb\" data-image-id=\"efb2f9f7-ed60-4132-b0f6-3ae453d5f6eb\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/050aeadb-b26a-493f-b420-d4e379e08a4c/Reinforcement%20editor.png\" data-asset-id=\"efb2f9f7-ed60-4132-b0f6-3ae453d5f6eb\" data-image-id=\"efb2f9f7-ed60-4132-b0f6-3ae453d5f6eb\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Puede definir varias zonas de armadura a lo largo de la longitud del elemento y crear un esquema de armado complejo que incluya <strong>distintos espaciados de los estribos</strong> y <strong>longitudes de las barras de armadura longitudinal</strong>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"5f1641eb-3368-44c5-8c6b-d169a502e69a\" data-image-id=\"5f1641eb-3368-44c5-8c6b-d169a502e69a\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/da0294c2-e1c9-49f1-93cb-efc1c6a249af/reinforcement.png\" data-asset-id=\"5f1641eb-3368-44c5-8c6b-d169a502e69a\" data-image-id=\"5f1641eb-3368-44c5-8c6b-d169a502e69a\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Análisis </h2>\n<p>Estarán disponibles varios tipos de análisis diferentes para un mismo modelo estructural. Actualmente, solo se puede realizar el <strong>análisis lineal</strong>, pero otros tipos de análisis se implementarán en las próximas versiones. </p>\n<p>Habrá cuatro tipos de análisis disponibles para analizar elementos de hormigón. Actualmente, se puede ejecutar un <strong>análisis lineal</strong> en Concrete Member Beta; los otros tres tipos de análisis están en desarrollo o en la fase de ajuste final. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"ef02ea2f-eb2c-407c-8792-3389c290973a\" data-image-id=\"ef02ea2f-eb2c-407c-8792-3389c290973a\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/8d0fb810-fec0-4e46-bcdf-d1717695093c/analysis.png\" data-asset-id=\"ef02ea2f-eb2c-407c-8792-3389c290973a\" data-image-id=\"ef02ea2f-eb2c-407c-8792-3389c290973a\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><br></p>\n<ul>\n <li>Análisis lineal (LA): implementado en Concrete Member Beta</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b4dcc2b5-67ee-4eea-af28-d6ae214ff1c7\" data-image-id=\"b4dcc2b5-67ee-4eea-af28-d6ae214ff1c7\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/d312cd32-5d17-47c9-8ca2-9a7ace46a38b/linear%20analysis.png\" data-asset-id=\"b4dcc2b5-67ee-4eea-af28-d6ae214ff1c7\" data-image-id=\"b4dcc2b5-67ee-4eea-af28-d6ae214ff1c7\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><br></p>\n<ul>\n <li>Análisis no lineal geométrico y material, incluyendo análisis térmico (GMNA): en desarrollo</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"1df6bc15-e233-4ff9-8381-65342c2eb4c6\" data-image-id=\"1df6bc15-e233-4ff9-8381-65342c2eb4c6\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/69989318-5ed5-4f91-9ce5-a535f0e94857/GMNA.png\" data-asset-id=\"1df6bc15-e233-4ff9-8381-65342c2eb4c6\" data-image-id=\"1df6bc15-e233-4ff9-8381-65342c2eb4c6\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><br></p>\n<ul>\n <li>Método del Campo de Tensiones Compatible 2D (CSFM 2D): desarrollado/mejorando (CSFM está disponible en IDEA StatiCa Detail)</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"bce6d4bc-f477-4a5c-a494-9a11b23430aa\" data-image-id=\"bce6d4bc-f477-4a5c-a494-9a11b23430aa\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/fafdfe0b-ef04-4243-9ee9-b0fba3f4f4a5/CSFM2D.png\" data-asset-id=\"bce6d4bc-f477-4a5c-a494-9a11b23430aa\" data-image-id=\"bce6d4bc-f477-4a5c-a494-9a11b23430aa\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><br></p>\n<ul>\n <li>Método del Campo de Tensiones Compatible 3D (CSFM 3D): en desarrollo</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"719adb70-3ab9-4e1d-9943-af558f4cf2e4\" data-image-id=\"719adb70-3ab9-4e1d-9943-af558f4cf2e4\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/fb1739f5-67b0-44d8-ad91-35bb500dc05e/CSFM3D.png\" data-asset-id=\"719adb70-3ab9-4e1d-9943-af558f4cf2e4\" data-image-id=\"719adb70-3ab9-4e1d-9943-af558f4cf2e4\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><br></p>\n<h2>Verificación de sección </h2>\n<p>Tras el análisis lineal, el usuario puede ejecutar una verificación detallada de la sección utilizando la aplicación RCS, que selecciona automáticamente las secciones más utilizadas en los elementos analizados y las evalúa.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"2bebe845-288a-45c4-ae7d-3cdd7938f72a\" data-image-id=\"2bebe845-288a-45c4-ae7d-3cdd7938f72a\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/dbb35596-824d-42bc-9b77-7dcd0e4af5bf/section%20check.png\" data-asset-id=\"2bebe845-288a-45c4-ae7d-3cdd7938f72a\" data-image-id=\"2bebe845-288a-45c4-ae7d-3cdd7938f72a\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Disponible en la edición <strong>Expert </strong>y <strong>Enhanced </strong>.</p>"
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"value": "<h2>Muro</h2>\n<p>El muro es la entidad más general que se puede definir en el modelo. Hay varios casos para los que se puede utilizar este detalle. Ahora es el momento de explicar cómo. </p>\n<p>En primer lugar, hablemos de la forma del elemento. La forma del muro puede definirse como:</p>\n<ul>\n <ul>\n <li><strong>Rectangular</strong> </li>\n </ul>\n</ul>\n<p>Con esta opción, todo lo que necesita hacer es establecer el ancho, la altura, el espesor del elemento y, si es necesario, el desplazamiento en la dirección X relacionado con la esquina superior izquierda y derecha.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b151040d-4d6d-4e20-a297-670e3af4cd71\" data-image-id=\"b151040d-4d6d-4e20-a297-670e3af4cd71\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/ac646772-fed5-4840-b262-a991fa509a69/QRC-D_03%20Wall_shape_rectangular.png\" data-asset-id=\"b151040d-4d6d-4e20-a297-670e3af4cd71\" data-image-id=\"b151040d-4d6d-4e20-a297-670e3af4cd71\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <ul>\n <li><strong>Polígono</strong></li>\n </ul>\n</ul>\n<p>Si necesita una topología más compleja, la forma Polígono es la solución. La geometría puede definirse seleccionando el botón Editar forma en la ventana de datos y, a continuación, en el asistente utilizando coordenadas en las direcciones X y Z relacionadas con el sistema de coordenadas global. Puede añadir nuevas filas o eliminar las existentes haciendo clic con el botón derecho en la tabla de coordenadas.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"9a09f87a-31c4-4c32-a44d-2b30d868869d\" data-image-id=\"9a09f87a-31c4-4c32-a44d-2b30d868869d\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/e0275f69-8357-43ba-9450-059d706dff03/QRC-D_03%20Wall_shape_polygon.png\" data-asset-id=\"9a09f87a-31c4-4c32-a44d-2b30d868869d\" data-image-id=\"9a09f87a-31c4-4c32-a44d-2b30d868869d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <ul>\n <li><strong>Importar DXF</strong> </li>\n </ul>\n</ul>\n<p>En caso de tener una forma compleja de la estructura o planos ya terminados, puede utilizar la funcionalidad de importación desde el archivo DXF para definir la geometría rápidamente. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"d33c995d-190c-43f5-9dfb-589a025b24b7\" data-image-id=\"d33c995d-190c-43f5-9dfb-589a025b24b7\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/bbd926e9-959c-4818-b415-41974097b044/QRC-D_03%20Wall_shape_DXF1.png\" data-asset-id=\"d33c995d-190c-43f5-9dfb-589a025b24b7\" data-image-id=\"d33c995d-190c-43f5-9dfb-589a025b24b7\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Simplemente haga clic en el botón Importar DXF, seleccione el archivo de su almacenamiento y comience a seleccionar el contorno de la estructura. Esto se puede hacer eligiendo las líneas individualmente en la ventana gráfica principal, o simplemente una sola línea y luego haciendo clic en el botón Consecutivo de la cinta superior.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b6fe80b6-3a1d-434b-a35e-4635c8362f1c\" data-image-id=\"b6fe80b6-3a1d-434b-a35e-4635c8362f1c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/1b2da944-b95d-4d91-8505-211030166867/QRC-D_03%20Wall_shape_DXF2.png\" data-asset-id=\"b6fe80b6-3a1d-434b-a35e-4635c8362f1c\" data-image-id=\"b6fe80b6-3a1d-434b-a35e-4635c8362f1c\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>En el asistente, puede aprovechar todo el potencial de las funcionalidades de la cinta superior: es posible cambiar las unidades, distinguir tres planos - XY, XZ e YZ en los que se realiza el dibujo, establecer cierta tolerancia y discretización de líneas curvas, números de entidades y añadir aperturas directamente. Además, cuando comete un error, puede deshacer los pasos y borrar la selección.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"bc162bb5-9685-4cba-b26b-60417fccf05b\" data-image-id=\"bc162bb5-9685-4cba-b26b-60417fccf05b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/7282d9d1-51b6-4bb6-b73c-82c5aef23010/QRC-D_03%20Wall_shape_DXF3.png\" data-asset-id=\"bc162bb5-9685-4cba-b26b-60417fccf05b\" data-image-id=\"bc162bb5-9685-4cba-b26b-60417fccf05b\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Además, ¡incluso puede importar la geometría junto con la armadura!</p>\n<p>Ahora, resumamos la información más importante que necesita conocer para una correcta definición del elemento muro.</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Todos los tipos de <a data-item-id=\"5a121972-f384-4f14-8788-9da298e1aae1\" href=\"\"><strong>apoyos</strong></a> y <strong>dispositivos de transferencia</strong> pueden utilizarse para este tipo de geometría.</li>\n <li>No es posible añadir un <a data-item-id=\"aa1a5fc8-a069-4196-9c2e-cde472068193\" href=\"\"><strong>extremo recortado</strong></a> del muro; la estructura debe definirse en su totalidad. </li>\n <li>Se pueden aplicar todos los tipos de <strong>aperturas</strong>.</li>\n <li>Y por último, pero no menos importante, el elemento muro debe tener un <strong>espesor</strong> constante.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>El modelo completo puede estar compuesto por varios elementos separados. El software los conectará automáticamente. La junta entre los muros debe estar libre de huecos. Además, es posible definir diferentes espesores para cada elemento de muro utilizado en el proyecto. Véase el ejemplo en la imagen siguiente.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"025d3df2-ffe0-4c71-9bde-f5837421ae1a\" data-image-id=\"025d3df2-ffe0-4c71-9bde-f5837421ae1a\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/3ce7dc88-9f5e-4dfe-b64d-11dc718b63d7/RC-D_03_01.png\" data-asset-id=\"025d3df2-ffe0-4c71-9bde-f5837421ae1a\" data-image-id=\"025d3df2-ffe0-4c71-9bde-f5837421ae1a\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Viga</h2>\n<p>Este elemento puede utilizarse para varios tipos de vigas. Depende de usted si necesita modelar y analizar la viga completa o si solo desea centrarse en un área específica: la región de discontinuidad utilizando la opción de extremo recortado.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"9bd9525d-f0b9-477c-97b6-b7d1ab6365a3\" data-image-id=\"9bd9525d-f0b9-477c-97b6-b7d1ab6365a3\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/87a7e44f-524e-4533-b313-482d7ac74b91/QRC-D_03%20Beam_whole%20beam.png\" data-asset-id=\"9bd9525d-f0b9-477c-97b6-b7d1ab6365a3\" data-image-id=\"9bd9525d-f0b9-477c-97b6-b7d1ab6365a3\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Ejemplo de una viga en silla completa con aperturas</em></p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Supongamos que ya ha diseñado y verificado la armadura en las regiones B y desea centrarse únicamente en las regiones de discontinuidad de la viga, por lo que no querrá dedicar tiempo adicional a modelar la viga completa. ¡No hay problema! En este caso, se recomienda modelar la viga recortada.</p>\n<p>La viga puede recortarse en:</p>\n<ul>\n <li><strong>El inicio</strong></li>\n <li><strong>El final</strong></li>\n <li>O en <strong>ambos</strong>, el inicio y el final al mismo tiempo</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"99f9f30d-cc57-4dea-981c-f8d76092acbc\" data-image-id=\"99f9f30d-cc57-4dea-981c-f8d76092acbc\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/3e601d9e-4dd4-4bfb-aa41-0f8aff99588e/QRC-D_03%20Beam_trimmed%20end.png\" data-asset-id=\"99f9f30d-cc57-4dea-981c-f8d76092acbc\" data-image-id=\"99f9f30d-cc57-4dea-981c-f8d76092acbc\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Ejemplo de una viga con el extremo recortado</em></p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Al modelar una viga, puede seleccionar una de las <a data-item-id=\"5cff133b-460c-4bf2-94c2-3957a7b88e47\" href=\"\">secciones transversales</a> predefinidas de la biblioteca.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"55bb8184-6fc9-4567-81af-fca818c4f5b7\" data-image-id=\"55bb8184-6fc9-4567-81af-fca818c4f5b7\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/98d2b093-7fb0-45e5-853e-2acc3873864b/QRC-D_03%20Beam_cross-sections.png\" data-asset-id=\"55bb8184-6fc9-4567-81af-fca818c4f5b7\" data-image-id=\"55bb8184-6fc9-4567-81af-fca818c4f5b7\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>La viga se define como un elemento 2D. La sección transversal de la viga se utiliza únicamente para establecer los espesores adecuados. </p>\n<p>Veamos el resumen para los elementos de viga:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Todos los tipos de <a data-item-id=\"50ed723b-9b87-4870-a69f-e05b5a8a8150\" href=\"\"><strong>apoyos</strong></a> y <strong>dispositivos de transferencia</strong> pueden utilizarse para este tipo de geometría.</li>\n <li>La viga puede ser <a data-item-id=\"7e9198c1-d161-5c59-9e9b-aed2c2a00408\" href=\"\"><strong>recortada</strong></a><strong> </strong>al inicio, al final, o en ambos extremos. </li>\n <li>Se pueden aplicar todos los tipos de <strong>aperturas</strong>.</li>\n <li>La estructura puede tener <strong>cartelas</strong> - simplemente seleccione la casilla de verificación en la ventana de datos y establezca los parámetros.</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"d721402b-14ac-4807-aef2-f668dd9f3166\" data-image-id=\"d721402b-14ac-4807-aef2-f668dd9f3166\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/04bf59e2-fa45-49eb-b136-7ad3e7c88be3/RC-D_03_02.png\" data-asset-id=\"d721402b-14ac-4807-aef2-f668dd9f3166\" data-image-id=\"d721402b-14ac-4807-aef2-f668dd9f3166\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Nudo de esquina</h2>\n<p>Un nudo de esquina es un tipo de nudo de pórtico, básicamente la región D más comúnmente utilizada. A veces pueden subestimarse en el diseño. Sin embargo, es importante prestarles atención. Y puede ser fácil cuando se dispone de una herramienta potente como la aplicación IDEA StatiCa Detail. </p>\n<p>¿Qué es importante saber?</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Al igual que en el caso del elemento viga, el nudo de esquina también se define utilizando una <a data-item-id=\"5cff133b-460c-4bf2-94c2-3957a7b88e47\" href=\"\"><strong>sección transversal</strong></a> seleccionada de la biblioteca. </li>\n <li>En comparación con los tipos de muro y viga, no se pueden establecer apoyos. Solo se permite el uso de <a data-item-id=\"aa1a5fc8-a069-4196-9c2e-cde472068193\" href=\"\"><strong>extremos recortados</strong></a> o <strong>extremos libres</strong> en este caso. No obstante, se pueden aplicar todos los tipos de dispositivos de transferencia de carga a la estructura.</li>\n <li>Se pueden aplicar todos los tipos de <strong>aperturas</strong>.</li>\n <li>La estructura puede tener <strong>cartelas</strong> - simplemente seleccione la casilla de verificación en la ventana de datos y establezca los parámetros. Además, los elementos pueden estar <strong>inclinados</strong> con el ángulo deseado. </li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"2f0b6e92-12e9-4d0e-9ca1-694c0b540aae\" data-image-id=\"2f0b6e92-12e9-4d0e-9ca1-694c0b540aae\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/34573afb-190b-430c-b7bb-01d268959bb0/RC-D_03_03.png\" data-asset-id=\"2f0b6e92-12e9-4d0e-9ca1-694c0b540aae\" data-image-id=\"2f0b6e92-12e9-4d0e-9ca1-694c0b540aae\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>La geometría del nudo de esquina puede variar. En la aplicación Detail, puede seleccionar entre tres opciones para definir la más adecuada.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c5edd940-03b8-45d5-b727-8c7519191be0\" data-image-id=\"c5edd940-03b8-45d5-b727-8c7519191be0\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/74ac2f16-df31-4471-8ef0-3b05a412f654/QRC-D_03%20Knee%20joint_joint%20type.png\" data-asset-id=\"c5edd940-03b8-45d5-b727-8c7519191be0\" data-image-id=\"c5edd940-03b8-45d5-b727-8c7519191be0\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Para verlo en acción, consulte la imagen siguiente. Estas tres estructuras se crearon utilizando la misma configuración, solo con diferentes tipos de nudo.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"7c4d9fea-76b9-4de6-9399-7946e1351c95\" data-image-id=\"7c4d9fea-76b9-4de6-9399-7946e1351c95\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/f261ebd1-7854-4d18-808c-6acfc4334d6b/RC-D_03_04.png\" data-asset-id=\"7c4d9fea-76b9-4de6-9399-7946e1351c95\" data-image-id=\"7c4d9fea-76b9-4de6-9399-7946e1351c95\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Nudo en cruz</h2>\n<p>Esta opción es idéntica al nudo de esquina. Para conocer las características, consulte el párrafo anterior.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"e4670a1e-0b30-4707-b708-7858eb147bae\" data-image-id=\"e4670a1e-0b30-4707-b708-7858eb147bae\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/4bb40a71-3067-4cf2-8aa5-71024ddeb7c6/RC-D_03_05.png\" data-asset-id=\"e4670a1e-0b30-4707-b708-7858eb147bae\" data-image-id=\"e4670a1e-0b30-4707-b708-7858eb147bae\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Hay dos tipos de nudos en cruz: viga prismática o columna prismática. La diferencia se muestra en la imagen siguiente. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"a10dccd9-755e-4463-ab21-21803ae67e73\" data-image-id=\"a10dccd9-755e-4463-ab21-21803ae67e73\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/87cc88dc-5366-4e2c-b264-8cd1619eaeb0/RC-D_03_06.png\" data-asset-id=\"a10dccd9-755e-4463-ab21-21803ae67e73\" data-image-id=\"a10dccd9-755e-4463-ab21-21803ae67e73\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Diafragma</h2>\n<p>Los diafragmas son exactamente iguales que los muros en términos de definición del elemento. Para más información, consulte el párrafo sobre el Muro.</p>\n<p>Hay tres formas de definir la forma:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Puente bidireccional </li>\n <li>Puente de carretera </li>\n <li>Y General - por polilínea o importado desde el archivo DXF</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"3c3913eb-ffb0-4e02-8ae8-59a315d449a5\" data-image-id=\"3c3913eb-ffb0-4e02-8ae8-59a315d449a5\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/87d19f2d-5c10-4531-97a5-0e36f138587b/QRC-D_03%20Diaphragm_types.png\" data-asset-id=\"3c3913eb-ffb0-4e02-8ae8-59a315d449a5\" data-image-id=\"3c3913eb-ffb0-4e02-8ae8-59a315d449a5\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Es importante mencionar que estos detalles (subregiones) pueden dividirse en dos grupos. La diferencia entre ellos está en la definición del espesor del elemento:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Muros y Diafragmas - espesor constante </li>\n <li>Vigas y Nudos - espesor definido por una sección transversal</li>\n</ul>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Tenga en cuenta que todos los tipos de geometría mencionados anteriormente se consideran en el software como elementos 2D, por lo que solo pueden transferir cargas en el plano, y las fuerzas fuera del plano deben despreciarse.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"b3d5e7d0_c924_01a0_ec7d_e8f8496ec52c\"></object>"
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"value": "<h2>1 Nuevo proyecto</h2>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b228b018-7410-488d-a190-39a90b700fca\" data-image-id=\"b228b018-7410-488d-a190-39a90b700fca\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/ae7cb3f1-214d-417c-8224-b6d703b9c794/1_1.png\" data-asset-id=\"b228b018-7410-488d-a190-39a90b700fca\" data-image-id=\"b228b018-7410-488d-a190-39a90b700fca\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Inicie un proyecto <a data-item-id=\"9b7994e5-6207-43cf-9f97-a754d0362241\" href=\"\"><strong>Nuevo</strong></a> en <a data-item-id=\"a0e85d28-23e6-4006-94d6-f334c2be9b67\" href=\"\">IDEA StatiCa Detail</a>.</p>\n<p>En el primer paso, seleccione la clase y topología deseadas; a continuación puede definir el código de diseño (elija <strong>EN</strong>), así como la clase de hormigón y el recubrimiento (use hormigón<strong> C30/37</strong> y recubrimiento <strong>30 mm</strong>). Puede cambiar su elección de material (o añadir otro) más adelante; sin embargo, el código de diseño solo puede elegirse en este primer paso del proyecto.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"0b678e22-8ff7-4917-882c-e71da7e23c97\" data-image-id=\"0b678e22-8ff7-4917-882c-e71da7e23c97\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/a5663589-fde9-42df-a943-40fbf4014345/1_2.png\" data-asset-id=\"0b678e22-8ff7-4917-882c-e71da7e23c97\" data-image-id=\"0b678e22-8ff7-4917-882c-e71da7e23c97\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>2 Geometría</h2>\n<p>Comience la definición de la geometría cambiando la sección transversal del <strong>Elemento</strong> <strong>M1</strong>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"1c000a6d-7f43-42bc-b164-23c720978712\" data-image-id=\"1c000a6d-7f43-42bc-b164-23c720978712\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/bf1fbecd-1f2e-40cf-9b46-28d0595bb46d/2_1.png\" data-asset-id=\"1c000a6d-7f43-42bc-b164-23c720978712\" data-image-id=\"1c000a6d-7f43-42bc-b164-23c720978712\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Defina la <strong>forma en I con alas achaflanadas</strong>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c31546e4-0b63-45de-85df-6626a6ddfea4\" data-image-id=\"c31546e4-0b63-45de-85df-6626a6ddfea4\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/ce99c108-ec5b-430d-800e-5b9edb6f0c27/2_2.png\" data-asset-id=\"c31546e4-0b63-45de-85df-6626a6ddfea4\" data-image-id=\"c31546e4-0b63-45de-85df-6626a6ddfea4\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Cambie el ancho de las alas y la altura de la viga.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"1f596505-cab1-46b0-9633-1c168b12f29b\" data-image-id=\"1f596505-cab1-46b0-9633-1c168b12f29b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/9839e7bd-5471-4883-a4c1-e28609fb85d7/2_3.png\" data-asset-id=\"1f596505-cab1-46b0-9633-1c168b12f29b\" data-image-id=\"1f596505-cab1-46b0-9633-1c168b12f29b\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>La <a data-item-id=\"865804fb-a8ac-42df-9ddd-e05404a48c9d\" href=\"\"><strong>abertura</strong></a> se amplía y se desplaza al centro de la viga.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"0a2d95bf-6ddf-4177-a0c9-d2ee8a68eec4\" data-image-id=\"0a2d95bf-6ddf-4177-a0c9-d2ee8a68eec4\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/17810c5a-140d-4372-946e-e540cad41f7d/2_4.png\" data-asset-id=\"0a2d95bf-6ddf-4177-a0c9-d2ee8a68eec4\" data-image-id=\"0a2d95bf-6ddf-4177-a0c9-d2ee8a68eec4\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <li>Lea más sobre la definición de geometría en <a data-item-id=\"d687ccdc-e898-489c-91cf-c4d935406d36\" href=\"\"><strong>Tipos de geometría en Detail</strong></a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>3 Efectos de carga</h2>\n<p>Definamos ahora la <strong>Carga</strong> del detalle. Puede ver que ya se han creado automáticamente dos casos de carga. Cambie el contenido de los casos de carga ligeramente.</p>\n<p>Para <strong>LC1</strong> (carga permanente), cambie las <strong>Fuerzas internas</strong> de modo que introduzca los valores de la fuerza cortante y el momento flector en el punto de la abertura. En <strong>Impulsos de carga</strong>, mantenga el valor de la carga lineal en <strong>-10 kN/m</strong> en la dirección global Z-.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"58c23394-f525-4def-b435-61566cc335a9\" data-image-id=\"58c23394-f525-4def-b435-61566cc335a9\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/1773c0ed-07fd-440a-9c65-6f322ad14e20/3_2.png\" data-asset-id=\"58c23394-f525-4def-b435-61566cc335a9\" data-image-id=\"58c23394-f525-4def-b435-61566cc335a9\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>De manera similar, cambie los valores de las <strong>Fuerzas internas</strong> para <strong>LC2</strong> (carga variable). En <strong>Impulsos de carga</strong>, cambie el valor a <strong>-5 kN/m</strong> en la dirección global Z-.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"1204edbd-1741-4f5a-beea-26a61c2f5722\" data-image-id=\"1204edbd-1741-4f5a-beea-26a61c2f5722\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/1ed3197b-d918-489b-8613-8fc59e89e9fd/3_4.png\" data-asset-id=\"1204edbd-1741-4f5a-beea-26a61c2f5722\" data-image-id=\"1204edbd-1741-4f5a-beea-26a61c2f5722\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Ya se han definido tres combinaciones no lineales: C1 corresponde a las verificaciones en ELU. C2 es una combinación cuasi-permanente y C3 una combinación de carga característica, ambas definidas para las verificaciones normativas en ELS. Puede definir nuevas combinaciones si es necesario; hay tres tipos de combinaciones disponibles para las verificaciones normativas en ELS: característica, frecuente y cuasi-permanente. Puede seleccionar qué verificaciones se realizarán para cada combinación y los coeficientes parciales para las reglas de combinación también pueden ajustarse. En nuestro caso utilizamos las combinaciones predefinidas.</p>\n<p>Los cálculos se realizarán únicamente para los elementos marcados. Por ahora dejamos las tres combinaciones (C1, C2 y C3) seleccionadas.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"05026937-915b-4619-9d3b-df0063ec00b5\" data-image-id=\"05026937-915b-4619-9d3b-df0063ec00b5\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/e5376849-76d4-498e-953f-fef18b8306dc/3_6.png\" data-asset-id=\"05026937-915b-4619-9d3b-df0063ec00b5\" data-image-id=\"05026937-915b-4619-9d3b-df0063ec00b5\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <li>Aprenda más sobre las fuerzas internas en <a data-item-id=\"38cbe005-0e1e-4d75-ae8a-2ef9dcee4c2b\" href=\"\">Descripción general de los impulsos de carga en la aplicación Detail</a></li>\n <li>Aprenda más sobre los impulsos de carga en <a data-item-id=\"05ba912c-dc0b-4a2f-9763-099001bbb052\" href=\"\">Fuerzas internas y equilibrio en la aplicación Detail</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>4 Armadura</h2>\n<p>Una vez definida la carga, puede proceder a introducir la <strong>Armadura</strong>. Utilizará los elementos creados por la plantilla.</p>\n<p>Puede cambiar el diámetro de los estribos y ajustar sus distancias (el primer valor corresponde a la distancia del primer estribo desde el borde; los demás estribos se distribuirán a las distancias indicadas por el segundo valor).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"80475315-55d1-4a6d-962c-fbbf5a47a15b\" data-image-id=\"80475315-55d1-4a6d-962c-fbbf5a47a15b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/e73ef6fa-d511-47c2-b10c-c010ded36316/4_2.png\" data-asset-id=\"80475315-55d1-4a6d-962c-fbbf5a47a15b\" data-image-id=\"80475315-55d1-4a6d-962c-fbbf5a47a15b\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Reduzca el diámetro de las barras de armadura <strong>RO1</strong> alrededor de la abertura y el número de capas de barras horizontales/verticales y diagonales. Cambie la distancia entre las barras horizontales/verticales y también ajuste la longitud de las barras diagonales y el anclaje de las barras horizontales/verticales.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"52fa5a28-71ee-4ee4-80ee-58c09c778f11\" data-image-id=\"52fa5a28-71ee-4ee4-80ee-58c09c778f11\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/327fd926-94d2-48d3-b417-68f8de3030fc/4_3.png\" data-asset-id=\"52fa5a28-71ee-4ee4-80ee-58c09c778f11\" data-image-id=\"52fa5a28-71ee-4ee4-80ee-58c09c778f11\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>La operación <strong>GB1</strong> incluye un grupo de barras en la cara inferior de la viga. Cambie el diámetro de las barras.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"12dc786c-f420-4bbc-afee-83b9c0e742d0\" data-image-id=\"12dc786c-f420-4bbc-afee-83b9c0e742d0\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/605263be-1f0b-480f-9810-a9e18e7f6db2/4_4.png\" data-asset-id=\"12dc786c-f420-4bbc-afee-83b9c0e742d0\" data-image-id=\"12dc786c-f420-4bbc-afee-83b9c0e742d0\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <li>Perfeccione sus habilidades de armado leyendo <a data-item-id=\"6fa5f6f4-dd62-4a8b-a85b-77dc223d2e05\" href=\"\">Definición de armadura en la aplicación Detail</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>5 Cálculo y verificación</h2>\n<p>Proceda a calcular el proyecto. Vaya a la pestaña <strong>Verificación</strong> y pulse el botón <strong>Calcular</strong> en la cinta superior.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"9069ec11-c781-4e87-b152-9670ed6cc3f1\" data-image-id=\"9069ec11-c781-4e87-b152-9670ed6cc3f1\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/5bfb0f66-41ac-4b88-8c00-e7708211994b/5_1.png\" data-asset-id=\"9069ec11-c781-4e87-b152-9670ed6cc3f1\" data-image-id=\"9069ec11-c781-4e87-b152-9670ed6cc3f1\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>En la parte superior izquierda de la pantalla, puede ver el resumen de todas las verificaciones normativas y el estado de las mismas (aprobado/fallido).</p>\n<p>En la tabla de la derecha se pueden encontrar todos los resultados detallados y la cantidad de carga permanente y variable aplicada. En este momento se presenta la verificación de resistencia del hormigón en ELU. En la barra de herramientas de <strong>Resultados</strong>, se puede cambiar el valor límite del diagrama. Cambie el valor de modo que solo el hormigón en compresión por encima de <strong>-2 MPa</strong> aparezca marcado en rojo.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"399e0a14-3878-4bab-b705-23a7f63ecce8\" data-image-id=\"399e0a14-3878-4bab-b705-23a7f63ecce8\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/2b213a23-c573-4a41-815a-4e8ba256beac/1.png\" data-asset-id=\"399e0a14-3878-4bab-b705-23a7f63ecce8\" data-image-id=\"399e0a14-3878-4bab-b705-23a7f63ecce8\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Puede mostrar todas las verificaciones normativas utilizando los botones de la barra de herramientas <strong>Resultados de verificación normativa</strong>. En el <strong>Resumen</strong>, se presentan los principales resultados para ELU/ELS. Haga clic, por ejemplo, en la línea de <strong>ELU/Longitud de anclaje</strong> para mostrar la utilización de la adherencia entre el hormigón y la armadura (con el punto más crítico marcado en la figura).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"d1582b74-b0b4-4e4e-9c1d-a7d7f0965965\" data-image-id=\"d1582b74-b0b4-4e4e-9c1d-a7d7f0965965\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/7ae29cba-2d39-4d59-aa42-d270c02da894/2.png\" data-asset-id=\"d1582b74-b0b4-4e4e-9c1d-a7d7f0965965\" data-image-id=\"d1582b74-b0b4-4e4e-9c1d-a7d7f0965965\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Abrimos los resultados de ELS seleccionando una combinación de ELS, p. ej. C2 o C3.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"a150e9aa-f2fe-4548-bf86-64e0bb5c88e0\" data-image-id=\"a150e9aa-f2fe-4548-bf86-64e0bb5c88e0\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/59cbb2a8-dfb3-4f3e-9bd3-e2991a85a5f0/3.png\" data-asset-id=\"a150e9aa-f2fe-4548-bf86-64e0bb5c88e0\" data-image-id=\"a150e9aa-f2fe-4548-bf86-64e0bb5c88e0\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Para abrir los resultados detallados de ELU, haga clic en <strong>Resistencia</strong> en los resultados de verificación normativa. Como se indica encima de la tabla, se utilizó la combinación C1 para verificar el ELU.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"d717738e-3f23-4f4e-99e8-0e6f86b8563c\" data-image-id=\"d717738e-3f23-4f4e-99e8-0e6f86b8563c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/aba8fc13-3fbe-47a8-a281-fe12c1d9f11b/4.png\" data-asset-id=\"d717738e-3f23-4f4e-99e8-0e6f86b8563c\" data-image-id=\"d717738e-3f23-4f4e-99e8-0e6f86b8563c\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>De nuevo, puede mostrar los resultados para el <strong>Hormigón</strong> y también para la <strong>Armadura</strong> seleccionando la pestaña correspondiente encima de la tabla. Puede seleccionar cualquier barra de armadura para ver sus resultados de análisis y verificación normativa.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"fe9f6f00-5d60-49e0-bfc0-74e28d6ceffc\" data-image-id=\"fe9f6f00-5d60-49e0-bfc0-74e28d6ceffc\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/d3cbd0bc-46fd-4d9c-8776-d71d9eb4bd21/5.png\" data-asset-id=\"fe9f6f00-5d60-49e0-bfc0-74e28d6ceffc\" data-image-id=\"fe9f6f00-5d60-49e0-bfc0-74e28d6ceffc\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <li>Más información sobre los resultados de ELU se puede encontrar en <a data-item-id=\"dfd7d908-843b-4d1e-8f66-26343a9bf3ff\" href=\"\">Descripción general de los resultados de ELU en la aplicación Detail</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Los resultados detallados de ELS se pueden encontrar en <strong>Limitación de tensiones, </strong><a data-item-id=\"ea994302-6f97-4068-818f-19f6666fdb27\" href=\"\"><strong>Ancho de</strong></a><strong> fisura</strong> y <strong>Deformación</strong>. Para el estado de limitación de tensiones, la tensión en el hormigón se verifica tanto para las combinaciones C2 como C3, mientras que la verificación de la armadura se aplica únicamente para la combinación C3.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"657ab157-7e89-4488-aff6-aeb6e402a3ba\" data-image-id=\"657ab157-7e89-4488-aff6-aeb6e402a3ba\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/5fe709e5-124b-4c6a-949f-1720f1e7eb80/6.png\" data-asset-id=\"657ab157-7e89-4488-aff6-aeb6e402a3ba\" data-image-id=\"657ab157-7e89-4488-aff6-aeb6e402a3ba\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Los <strong>anchos de fisura</strong> calculados pueden mostrarse haciendo clic en el icono correspondiente. Los valores calculados se comparan con el valor límite w_{st,lim} que puede editarse en la cinta superior.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b669b1ec-73dc-413d-8eaf-008ea0e2f387\" data-image-id=\"b669b1ec-73dc-413d-8eaf-008ea0e2f387\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/a9405f9f-0e01-4e76-ad1c-ae7df7d478c8/7.png\" data-asset-id=\"b669b1ec-73dc-413d-8eaf-008ea0e2f387\" data-image-id=\"b669b1ec-73dc-413d-8eaf-008ea0e2f387\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <li>Más información sobre los resultados de ELS se puede encontrar en <a data-item-id=\"9e7e995c-6e74-422f-af6e-88a8d7fe047f\" href=\"\">Descripción general de los resultados de ELS en la aplicación Detail</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>6 Informe</h2>\n<p>Por último, vaya a la pestaña <strong>Informe</strong>. IDEA StatiCa ofrece un informe totalmente personalizable para imprimir o guardar en formato editable.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"07b2a2d9-31e0-4f6e-ad3c-660419aa72aa\" data-image-id=\"07b2a2d9-31e0-4f6e-ad3c-660419aa72aa\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/6d0a57ef-98c6-4dd9-8077-b3103cbfd075/8.png\" data-asset-id=\"07b2a2d9-31e0-4f6e-ad3c-660419aa72aa\" data-image-id=\"07b2a2d9-31e0-4f6e-ad3c-660419aa72aa\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"2e3559ac-8f4b-47ce-ad68-1a79a58db745\" data-image-id=\"2e3559ac-8f4b-47ce-ad68-1a79a58db745\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/b5212488-59ca-4a61-a429-b45cecbb29a5/6_2.png\" data-asset-id=\"2e3559ac-8f4b-47ce-ad68-1a79a58db745\" data-image-id=\"2e3559ac-8f4b-47ce-ad68-1a79a58db745\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Ha diseñado, optimizado y realizado la verificación normativa de la parte de la <a data-item-id=\"77764ea2-7c2a-5b80-820b-8f3db5624600\" href=\"\">viga con una abertura</a>.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"beam_with_an_opening_b2933a1\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"campus_cta\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n457285c2_cf2d_01eb_2534_5db049642a8b\"></object>"
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"value": "<h4>¿Verificación normativa completa de muros de hormigón armado o vigas de gran canto? ¡Sin problema!</h4>\n<p>El objetivo del webinar es presentar cómo realizar la verificación normativa de una <strong>viga de gran canto de forma general</strong> en <strong>IDEA StatiCa Detail</strong> en conexión con los resultados de la aplicación de elementos finitos en cuestión de minutos. Mostraremos el flujo de trabajo con un ejemplo de un edificio residencial de hormigón: exportación de la geometría, creación del submodelo en IDEA StatiCa Detail, aplicación de las <strong>cargas correctas</strong>, diseño de la armadura y la verificación normativa final para los <strong>estados límite último y de servicio</strong>.</p>\n<p>Pruébalo por tu cuenta: obtén la <a data-item-id=\"0c872071-6a3f-4b99-8cd4-66440db9cc0d\" href=\"\">licencia de prueba gratuita</a> y sigue el tutorial paso a paso sobre <a data-item-id=\"1dc3667d-ddd6-5483-8b97-e7b69923fef7\" href=\"\">muro de hormigón</a>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"2a799851-47a8-48ba-a994-6142976c5204\" data-image-id=\"2a799851-47a8-48ba-a994-6142976c5204\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/177694cc-5c91-42cb-b88c-568f900670fe/Code-check%20of%20walls%20and%20deep%20beams.png\" data-asset-id=\"2a799851-47a8-48ba-a994-6142976c5204\" data-image-id=\"2a799851-47a8-48ba-a994-6142976c5204\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h4>La solución definitiva para detalles de hormigón y partes estructurales</h4>\n<p>El software habitual de análisis por elementos finitos 3D considera el comportamiento lineal del hormigón. El diseño y las verificaciones normativas de la armadura son limitados, especialmente para el <strong>estado límite de servicio</strong>, lo que puede dar lugar al desarrollo de <strong>fisuras excesivas</strong>. Todo ello está contemplado en la aplicación basada en <a data-item-id=\"42ce7f6b-6491-4224-a01e-c4c0072ed1cd\" href=\"\">CSFM</a> IDEA StatiCa Detail. Ahora, todos los ingenieros pueden diseñar y verificar normativamente de forma eficiente muros o vigas de gran canto de cualquier forma y mucho más.</p>\n<p>Si deseas ver más de <strong>IDEA StatiCa Detail </strong>en acción, hay otros dos webinars grabados para ver:</p>\n<ul>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"1300fb1c-8e32-47f3-8b21-0e8e77e1f238\" href=\"\">¿Cómo diseñar fácilmente una viga pretensada con aberturas?</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"73d449cf-610e-5c7c-9e8c-da8093630d24\" href=\"\">Muro hormigonado in situ – Ruzomberok (Eslovaquia)</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>O explore nuestro Centro de soporte para <a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center-tutorials?product=concrete&label=detail\" title=\"IDEA StatiCa Detail\">tutoriales</a> y lea el <a data-item-id=\"0000c94c-b603-48c4-8d31-bc56d7c95886\" href=\"\">fundamento teórico.</a></p>\n<p><br></p>\n<h3>Grabación del webinar</h3>"
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"value": "<p><br></p>\n<p>El fundamento teórico se basa en COMPATIBLE STRESS FIELD DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONCRETE<br>(Kaufmann et al., 2020)</p>\n<h1>Diseño estructural de discontinuidades de hormigón en IDEA StatiCa Detail</h1>\n<h2>1 Introducción al método CSFM</h2>\n<p><a href=\"#general-introduction\">1.1 Introducción general al diseño estructural de detalles de hormigón</a><br><a href=\"#main-assumptions-and-limitations\">1.2 Hipótesis principales y limitaciones</a><br><a href=\"#design-tools-for-reinforcement\">1.3 Herramientas de diseño para la armadura</a></p>\n<h2>2 Modelo de análisis de IDEA StatiCa Detail</h2>\n<p><a href=\"#introduction-to-finite-element-implementation\">2.1 Introducción a la implementación de elementos finitos</a><br><a href=\"#supports-and-load-transmitting-components\">2.2 Apoyos y componentes de transmisión de cargas</a><br><a href=\"#load-transfer-at-trimmed-ends-of-beams\">2.3 Transferencia de carga en extremos recortados de vigas</a><br><a href=\"#geometric-modification-of-cross-sections\">2.4 Modificación geométrica de secciones transversales</a><br><a href=\"#finite-element-types\">2.5 Tipos de elementos finitos</a><br><a href=\"#meshing\">2.6 Mallado</a><br><a href=\"#solution-method-and-load-control-algorithm\">2.7 Método de resolución y algoritmo de control de carga</a><br><a href=\"#presentation-of-results\">2.8 Presentación de resultados</a></p>\n<h2>3 Verificación del modelo</h2>\n<p><a href=\"#limit-states-and-crack-width-calculation\">3.1 Estados límite, cálculo de la anchura de fisura y rigidización a tracción</a></p>\n<h2>4 Verificaciones estructurales según EUROCÓDIGO</h2>\n<p><a href=\"#material-models-en\">4.1 Modelos de material (EN)</a><br><a href=\"#safety-factors\">4.2 Coeficientes de seguridad</a><br><a href=\"#ultimate-limit-state-analysis\">4.3 Análisis en estado límite último</a><br><a href=\"#partially-loaded-areas\">4.4 Áreas parcialmente cargadas (APC)<br></a><a href=\"#serviceability-limit-state-analysis\">4.5 Análisis en estado límite de servicio</a></p>\n<h2>5 Verificaciones estructurales según ACI 318-19</h2>\n<p><a href=\"#material-models-aci\">5.1 Modelos de material (ACI)</a><br><a href=\"#strength-reduction-and-load-factors\">5.2 Factores de reducción de resistencia y de carga</a><br><a href=\"#strength-verifications\">5.3 Verificaciones de resistencia</a><br><a href=\"#bearing-and-anchorage-zones-partially-loaded-areas\">5.4 Zonas de apoyo y anclaje - Áreas parcialmente cargadas<br></a><a href=\"#serviceability-verifications\">5.5 Verificaciones en servicio</a></p>\n<h2>6 Verificaciones estructurales según AASHTO</h2>\n<p><a href=\"#material-models-aahsto\">6.1 Modelos de material (AASHTO)</a><br><a href=\"#resistance-and-load-factors\">6.2 Factores de resistencia y de carga</a><br><a href=\"#strength-limit-state\">6.3 Estado límite de resistencia</a><br><a href=\"#bearing-and-anchorage-zones-resistance-partially-loaded-areas\">6.4 Resistencia en zonas de apoyo y anclaje – Áreas parcialmente cargadas</a><br><a href=\"#service-limit-state\">6.5 Estado límite de servicio</a></p>\n<h2>7 Verificaciones estructurales según AS 3600</h2>\n<p><a href=\"#material-models-aus\">7.1 Modelos de material (AUS)</a><br><a href=\"#stress-reduction-and-load-factors\">7.2 Factores de reducción de tensión y de carga</a><br><a href=\"#strength-and-anchorage-verifications\">7.3 Verificaciones de resistencia y anclaje</a><a href=\"#bearing-and-anchorage-zones-partially-loaded-areas\"><br></a><a href=\"#serviceability-checks\">7.4 Verificaciones en servicio</a></p>\n<h2><a href=\"#prestressing-in-detail-model-description\">8 Pretensado en Detail - Descripción del modelo</a></h2>\n<p><br></p>\n<p><br></p>\n<h1>1 Introducción al método CSFM</h1>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"cdb17447_c070_01e2_1868_5c93c7251a4c\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___general\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n4bcb2f0b_7383_010b_62f3_4436f719f938\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___main_assumptions_a\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n629861c9_4749_01c9_91dd_65dd5c708245\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___general___reinforc\"></object>\n<h1><br></h1>\n<h1>2 Modelo de análisis de IDEA StatiCa Detail</h1>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n8c1341d1_edce_0175_23df_7ea947f7a9d9\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___general___finite_e\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n61511896_8acd_0196_f8fb_6e63bbebccd5\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___supports_and_load_\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"d6bad769_e632_0191_97c9_24b4a061bb3a\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___load_transfer_at_t\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"ab526be1_f133_01fb_b0bd_46acfd258f99\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___geometric_modifica\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"ec938fd0_e352_0162_8f9f_c0a6d1d97a2b\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___finite_element_typ\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n4a0372b9_1e05_016c_d262_a340d921d273\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___meshing\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n2f94d4e9_7013_01de_3046_66ee8ff97945\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___solution_method_an\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n5a7b0ae9_80a0_01d4_187b_223185df4f64\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___presentation_of_re\"></object>\n<h1><br></h1>\n<h1>3 Verificación del modelo</h1>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n89d6744c_775b_0188_c550_bd58c34aca49\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___general___verifica\"></object>\n<h1><br></h1>\n<h1>4 Verificaciones estructurales según Eurocódigo</h1>\n<p>La evaluación de la estructura mediante CSFM se realiza mediante dos análisis diferentes: uno para las combinaciones de carga en servicio y otro para las combinaciones en estado límite último. El análisis en servicio asume que el comportamiento último del elemento es satisfactorio y que las condiciones de plastificación del material no se alcanzarán en los niveles de carga de servicio. Este enfoque permite el uso de modelos constitutivos simplificados (con una rama lineal del diagrama tensión-deformación del hormigón) para el análisis en servicio, con el fin de mejorar la estabilidad numérica y la velocidad de cálculo.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n84551104_4716_01b3_2661_a33671e672e4\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___material_models__e\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"e2922991_2d4f_01b7_5c69_db02b78d2725\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___safety_factors\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n5fdc9c6e_d109_0126_a311_d9521c50c167\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___ultimate_limit_sta\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"c9c4750e_ba89_01a4_512b_90bb78915c0b\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___partially_loaded_a\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n5faa75ec_67de_018e_11e9_a393dfef4d18\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___serviceability_lim\"></object>\n<h1><br></h1>\n<h1>5 Verificaciones estructurales según ACI 318-19</h1>\n<p>La evaluación de la estructura mediante CSFM se realiza mediante dos análisis diferentes: uno para las combinaciones de carga en servicio y otro para las combinaciones de carga de resistencia. El análisis en servicio asume que el comportamiento bajo cargas mayoradas es satisfactorio y que las condiciones de plastificación del material no se alcanzarán en los niveles de carga de servicio. Este enfoque permite el uso de modelos constitutivos simplificados (con una rama lineal del diagrama tensión-deformación del hormigón) para el análisis en servicio, con el fin de mejorar la estabilidad numérica y la velocidad de cálculo.</p>\n<p>El CSFM está de acuerdo con ACI 318-19, apartado 6.8.1.1. Para que el CSFM cumpla los requisitos del apartado 6.8.1.2 de ACI 318-19, se realizaron numerosos ensayos de verificación en diversas universidades. Los artículos individuales que resumen los resultados de verificación y validación pueden consultarse en el siguiente enlace.</p>\n<ul>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center-verifications?label=detail\">Verificaciones: Detail 2D</a></li>\n</ul>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"e1f0c5c5_9dff_01e5_e38a_1f18b65c7441\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___material_models__a\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"f2868ffa_224a_0186_8cdc_2705a1bdf957\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___factors___aci\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n8ddf022c_a92f_01f8_1ee9_04eb823e80b5\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___strength_analysis_\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"d1f8707b_966e_01d5_5c42_4318a980fccb\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___bearing_and_anchor\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"f6c353a5_88bf_0166_aec5_12ad2979125f\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___serviceability_ver\"></object>\n<h1><br></h1>\n<h1>6 Verificaciones estructurales según AASHTO</h1>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n4d8a8167_e8ab_019b_aef0_829a27f210a7\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___material_models__a_0b99d24\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"da2a0505_49d5_012b_b04d_0e5f7d039ac4\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___resistance_and_loa\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n0b19d6ba_5128_016b_1315_2540fec08d04\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___strength_limit_sta\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"cbcfa854_f18a_01df_d592_f944a5b06bcc\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___bearing_and_anchor_69cbe39\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n50c08145_3a42_01b4_20a9_71a6e20c94d5\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___service_limit_stat\"></object>\n<h1><br></h1>\n<h1>7 Verificaciones estructurales según la norma australiana AS 3600 (2018)</h1>\n<p>La evaluación de la estructura mediante CSFM se realiza mediante dos análisis diferentes: uno para las combinaciones de carga en servicio y otro para las combinaciones de carga de resistencia. El análisis en servicio asume que el comportamiento bajo cargas mayoradas es satisfactorio y que las condiciones de plastificación del material no se alcanzarán en los niveles de carga de servicio. Este enfoque permite el uso de modelos constitutivos simplificados (con una rama lineal del diagrama tensión-deformación del hormigón) para el análisis en servicio, con el fin de mejorar la estabilidad numérica y la velocidad de cálculo.</p>\n<p>El CSFM es un método de análisis estructural que satisface las reglas generales de los apartados 6.1.1 y 6.1.2 y se define como (f) análisis de tensiones no lineal en el apartado 6.1.3, desarrollado posteriormente en el apartado 6.6. </p>\n<p>El análisis mediante CSFM tiene en cuenta todos los efectos no lineales e inelásticos relevantes (excepto la retracción) definidos en el apartado 6.6.3. </p>\n<p>Para satisfacer los requisitos de los apartados 6.6.4 y 6.6.5 —puede consultarse más información en AS3600:2018 Sup 1:2022, apartado C6.6—, se realizaron verificaciones y validaciones del método en diversas universidades. Los artículos individuales que resumen los resultados de verificación y validación pueden consultarse en el siguiente enlace.</p>\n<ul>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center-verifications?label=detail\">Verificaciones: Detail 2D</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Dado que IDEA StatiCa Detail es un programa de diseño práctico, para los cálculos se utiliza la resistencia característica mayorada a compresión en cilindro a 28 días <em>f'</em><em><sub>c</sub></em>, tal como se describe en el capítulo siguiente.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n0c418005_a554_0128_c8e7_6a96fab46659\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___material_models__a_b7035a6\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n3ec89071_f2e8_01b6_b746_a03307acaf3e\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___stress_reduction_a\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"cda19675_d8dc_01a6_7a75_0a1e4260f394\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___strength_analysis__8bc3bfe\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"d2fcf5b0_ff7a_01e3_893a_7eccc08fc4ef\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___serviceability_ver_77b5f2c\"></object>\n<h1><br></h1>\n<h1>8 Pretensado - descripción del modelo</h1>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"de32c6b6_4392_0114_385a_1b749e8bfbee\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"prestressing_in_detail___model_description__body_\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"d485cadd_6bc3_01f5_0594_18b585741fe9\"></object>\n<h1><br></h1>\n<h1>Referencias</h1>\n<p>ACI Committee 318. 2019. <em>Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-19) and Commentary</em>. Farmington Hills, MI: American Concrete Institute.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Alvarez, Manuel. 1998. <em>Einfluss des Verbundverhaltens auf das Verformungsvermögen von Stahlbeton</em>. IBK Bericht 236. Basel: Institut für Baustatik und Konstruktion, ETH Zurich, Birkhäuser Verlag.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Beeby, A. W. 1979. \"The Prediction of Crack Widths in Hardened Concrete.\" <em>The Structural Engineer</em> 57A (1): 9–17.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Broms, Bengt B. 1965. \"Crack Width and Crack Spacing In Reinforced Concrete Members.\" <em>ACI Journal Proceedings</em> 62 (10): 1237–56. https://doi.org/10.14359/7742.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Burns, C.. 2012. \"Serviceability Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Members Based on the Tension Chord Model.\" IBK Report Nr. 342, Zurich, Switzerland: ETH Zurich.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Crisfield, M. A. 1997. <em>Non-Linear Finite Element Analysis of Solids and Structures</em>. Wiley.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2015. <em>1 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings</em>. Brussels: CEN, 2005.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Fernández Ruiz, M., and A. Muttoni. 2007. \"On Development of Suitable Stress Fields for Structural Concrete.\" <em>ACI Structural Journal</em> 104 (4): 495–502.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Kaufmann, W., J. Mata-Falcón, M. Weber, T. Galkovski, D. Thong Tran, J. Kabelac, M. Konecny, J. Navratil, M. Cihal, and P. Komarkova. 2020. \"<em>Compatible Stress Field Design Of Structural Concrete</em>. Berlin, Germany.\"AZ Druck und Datentechnik GmbH, ISBN 978-3-906916-95-8.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Kaufmann, W., and P. Marti. 1998. \"Structural Concrete: Cracked Membrane Model.\" <em>Journal of Structural Engineering</em> 124 (12): 1467–75. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1998)124:12(1467).</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Kaufmann, W.. 1998. \"Strength and Deformations of Structural Concrete Subjected to In-Plane Shear and Normal Forces.\" Doctoral dissertation, Basel: Institut für Baustatik und Konstruktion, ETH Zürich. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7612-4.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Konečný, M., J. Kabeláč, and J. Navrátil. 2017. <em>Use of Topology Optimization in Concrete Reinforcement Design</em>. 24. Czech Concrete Days (2017). ČBS ČSSI. https://resources.ideastatica.com/Content/06_Detail/Verification/Articles/Topology_optimization_US.pdf.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Marti, P. 1985. \"Truss Models in Detailing.\" <em>Concrete International</em> 7 (12): 66–73.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Marti, P. 2013. <em>Theory of Structures: Fundamentals, Framed Structures, Plates and Shells</em>. First edition. Berlin, Germany: Wiley Ernst & Sohn.</p>\n<p>http://sfx.ethz.ch/sfx_locater?sid=ALEPH:EBI01&genre=book&isbn=9783433029916.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Marti, P., M.Alvarez, W. Kaufmann, and V. Sigrist. 1998. \"Tension Chord Model for Structural Concrete.\" <em>Structural Engineering International</em> 8 (4): 287–298.</p>\n<p>https://doi.org/10.2749/101686698780488875.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Mata-Falcón, J. 2015. \"Serviceability and Ultimate Behaviour of Dapped-End Beams (In Spanish: Estudio Del Comportamiento En Servicio y Rotura de Los Apoyos a Media Madera).\" PhD thesis, Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Meier, H. 1983. \"Berücksichtigung Des Wirklichkeitsnahen Werkstoffverhaltens Beim Standsicherheitsnachweis Turmartiger Stahlbetonbauwerke.\" Institut für Massivbau, Universität Stuttgart.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Navrátil, J., P. Ševčík, L. Michalčík, P. Foltyn, and J. Kabeláč. 2017. <em>A Solution for Walls and Details of Concrete Structures</em>. 24. Czech Concrete Days.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Schlaich, J., K. Schäfer, and M. Jennewein. 1987a. \"Toward a Consistent Design of Structural Concrete.\" <em>PCI Journal</em> 32 (3): 74–150.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Standards Australia. 2018. <em>Concrete Structures (AS 3600:2018)</em>. Sydney, NSW: Standards Australia.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Standards Australia. 2022. <em>Concrete Structures – Commentary (Supplement 1 to AS 3600:2018)</em>. Sydney, NSW: Standards Australia.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Vecchio, F.J., and M.P. Collins. 1986. \"The Modified Compression Field Theory for Reinforced Concrete Elements Subjected to Shear.\" <em>ACI Journal</em> 83 (2): 219–31. </p>"
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"value": "<p>Descubrirá cómo aplicar condiciones de contorno en la aplicación IDEA StatiCa Detail, que utiliza el <a data-item-id=\"86ad7678-0f7f-452a-8e0d-376ea5797b27\" href=\"\">CSFM (Método del Campo de Tensiones Compatible)</a>. Existen cinco tipos de apoyos; descubramos para qué sirven.</p>\n<h2>Apoyos en IDEA StatiCa Detail</h2>\n<h4>Apoyo distribuido puntual</h4>\n<p>El primer tipo de apoyo es el <strong>apoyo distribuido puntual</strong>, que se define en el borde o dentro de un área del modelo donde la reacción se distribuye. Gracias a la distribución, la tensión no se concentra en un punto, sino que se distribuye sobre un área. No se producen cambios bruscos de tensión. Este tipo de apoyo es ideal cuando la rotación está habilitada y la distribución de tensiones es uniforme bajo el apoyo, especialmente en <strong>apoyos elastoméricos</strong> y <strong>apoyos de olla para puentes</strong>. Consulte la funcionalidad de las <a data-item-id=\"bc5b5556-856a-4f0d-8f32-c4e2de75e237\" href=\"\">áreas parcialmente cargadas</a> que es compatible únicamente con el apoyo distribuido puntual.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"8b1b6d29-5bae-44ec-992e-cef457d6e920\" data-image-id=\"8b1b6d29-5bae-44ec-992e-cef457d6e920\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/76438042-0256-4eee-b9c3-96cc482f48ad/Point%20distributed%20support%20%28CSFM%29.png\" data-asset-id=\"8b1b6d29-5bae-44ec-992e-cef457d6e920\" data-image-id=\"8b1b6d29-5bae-44ec-992e-cef457d6e920\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h4>Apoyo con placa de apoyo</h4>\n<p>El segundo tipo de apoyo se denomina <strong>apoyo con placa de apoyo</strong>. La reacción puntual se transfiere al modelo a través de una placa de acero, donde la placa no se verifica y sirve como dispositivo de transferencia de reacción. La placa de acero evita la aparición de fisuras en el hormigón y se deforma. Las dimensiones de la placa pueden afectar significativamente a los resultados. Este tipo de apoyo es ideal para estructuras donde existe una placa de acero real, como los <strong>apoyos de rodillo para puentes</strong>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b685fe3c-ec08-4d5f-b2e1-415a3a23b3c0\" data-image-id=\"b685fe3c-ec08-4d5f-b2e1-415a3a23b3c0\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/d5dca6f7-506e-49ea-9248-00bd2856aa32/Bearing%20plate%20support%20%28CSFM%29.png\" data-asset-id=\"b685fe3c-ec08-4d5f-b2e1-415a3a23b3c0\" data-image-id=\"b685fe3c-ec08-4d5f-b2e1-415a3a23b3c0\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h4>Apoyo lineal</h4>\n<p>El tercer tipo de apoyo, que puede considerarse universal o más general que los dos anteriores, se denomina <strong>apoyo lineal</strong>. Actúa como un <strong>grupo de apoyos de muelle dentro de una longitud definida</strong> en el borde o área del modelo. La rigidez del muelle es la predeterminada (correspondiente a la rigidez de la estructura sobre el apoyo) o la define el usuario. Existe la posibilidad de modelar un apoyo no lineal que actúe solo a compresión. Este tipo de apoyo es ideal para cualquier apoyo que no se ajuste a las hipótesis de los dos primeros tipos (distribuido puntual, placa de apoyo), especialmente apoyos lineales y apoyos de muelle de pilotes que actúan solo a compresión.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"377ec61e-0181-42d6-b807-8551ef18e856\" data-image-id=\"377ec61e-0181-42d6-b807-8551ef18e856\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/41b6a0e5-80c3-4712-bf5b-3fa1cc373c2c/Line%20support%20%28CSFM%29.png\" data-asset-id=\"377ec61e-0181-42d6-b807-8551ef18e856\" data-image-id=\"377ec61e-0181-42d6-b807-8551ef18e856\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h4>Apoyo colgante</h4>\n<p>El cuarto tipo de apoyo es el <strong>apoyo colgante</strong>. El apoyo aplicado en el colgante se convierte, según la rotación, en apoyos que actúan en los ejes de cada rama del colgante, aplicados en el punto donde las ramas del colgante entran en el hormigón. La parte del colgante que sobresale del hormigón no se verifica. La utilización de este tipo de apoyo es bastante obvia: <strong>sistema de anclaje de elevación</strong> para hormigón prefabricado, especialmente el lazo operativo en obra fabricado con acero de armadura. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"22af22f4-8657-4453-9e4a-866083d1532b\" data-image-id=\"22af22f4-8657-4453-9e4a-866083d1532b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/d68c0c7a-0f69-467d-b9bc-52e66cfa8c7c/Hanging%20support%20%28CSFM%29.png\" data-asset-id=\"22af22f4-8657-4453-9e4a-866083d1532b\" data-image-id=\"22af22f4-8657-4453-9e4a-866083d1532b\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h4>Apoyo de parche</h4>\n<p>El quinto tipo de apoyo en IDEA StatiCa Detail es el <strong>apoyo de parche</strong>. Es un apoyo puntual con un área específica a través de la cual la reacción se transfiere al modelo. La reacción se aplica directamente a la armadura, especificada explícitamente (de lo contrario, se aplica al hormigón). La utilización de este tipo de apoyo es bastante obvia: <strong>sistema de anclaje de elevación para hormigón prefabricado</strong>, especialmente placa de acero soldada a la armadura, básicamente todo tipo de sistemas de anclaje de elevación fijados (soldados) a la armadura o apoyados contra ella. Otro uso de este apoyo es el modelado del apoyo de la viga con ménsula (sistema de apoyo indirecto).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"6e2f43a4-8c61-4552-a93e-8d8cb24ccb1e\" data-image-id=\"6e2f43a4-8c61-4552-a93e-8d8cb24ccb1e\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/f6e72c10-0612-4ceb-b2fb-98d198e75fd1/Patch%20support%20%28CSFM%29.png\" data-asset-id=\"6e2f43a4-8c61-4552-a93e-8d8cb24ccb1e\" data-image-id=\"6e2f43a4-8c61-4552-a93e-8d8cb24ccb1e\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><strong>Para una explicación más ilustrativa, consulte el seminario web, donde se explican uno a uno todos los tipos de apoyo:</strong></p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"d266f8c1_9918_015b_631d_4fb614b65d65\"></object>\n<h2> Consejo para usuarios avanzados</h2>\n<p>En el artículo anterior, cubrimos los tipos básicos de apoyos aplicables en IDEA StatiCa Detail. Sin embargo, puede ocurrir que para estructuras específicas, estos tipos básicos no sean suficientes.</p>\n<p>Hemos preparado un artículo centrado en temas específicos y más avanzados relacionados con anclajes, apoyos de puentes, etc.: <a data-item-id=\"1d52ff19-b6b3-5290-905a-178825f7cdc1\" href=\"\">Apoyos en IDEA StatiCa Detail - Temas Avanzados</a></p>"
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"value": "<p><strong>Método del Campo de Tensiones Compatible </strong>(CSFM) es un método innovador implementado en IDEA StatiCa Concrete utilizado para el diseño de estructuras de hormigón armado. Echemos un vistazo entre bastidores de nuestro software y compruebe usted mismo que no hay necesidad de tener miedo de usar los cálculos CSFM en sus proyectos. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"a7b3dcf1-10ed-4b44-99e3-f59b4bd2a7fe\" data-image-id=\"a7b3dcf1-10ed-4b44-99e3-f59b4bd2a7fe\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/7fd8d041-20d1-40a8-9a71-eb9cdce27155/7.png\" data-asset-id=\"a7b3dcf1-10ed-4b44-99e3-f59b4bd2a7fe\" data-image-id=\"a7b3dcf1-10ed-4b44-99e3-f59b4bd2a7fe\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Fig: a) Muro con aberturas b) Muro cortante c) Viga con extremos rebajados y aberturas d) Pila de puente e) Diafragma de puente </em></p>\n<p>Vea el <strong>vídeo de introducción sobre CSFM e IDEA StatiCa Detail</strong>:</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n9de82200_41af_016d_9178_baa67db261b7\"></object>\n<p>CSFM ofrece mucho más que simples verificaciones ELU. El estado avanzado del método se basa en la <strong>teoría modificada del campo de compresión</strong>, la implementación de la <strong>rigidización a tracción</strong>, y la distinción entre fisuración estabilizada o no estabilizada; por lo tanto <strong>realizamos verificaciones ELS</strong> del elemento de hormigón. Así, podemos observar la <strong>anchura de fisura</strong>, <strong>deformación</strong>, y <strong>tensiones</strong> correspondientes a las combinaciones ELS.</p>\n<p>Vea la grabación de un seminario web donde se explicó en detalle la teoría detrás del CSFM. </p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"fab7aa8f_b51b_0117_7b56_7b23252be0a6\"></object>\n<p>Si está interesado en el método en sí, consulte algunos recursos adicionales:</p>\n<p><strong>Artículo que resume los principios</strong> del método: <a data-item-id=\"eaab962d-ba44-4ee0-8fa7-45193c9f52b5\" href=\"\">CSFM explicado</a></p>\n<p><strong>Amplio trasfondo teórico</strong> donde encontrará en detalle los métodos de material utilizados, cómo se construye y se mallado el modelo, y cómo se calculan los valores individuales: <a data-item-id=\"0000c94c-b603-48c4-8d31-bc56d7c95886\" href=\"\">Trasfondo Teórico</a></p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>El método (CSFM) está implementado en <a data-item-id=\"4d79cdf4-c6ee-47e8-b4f2-58f4281194bf\" href=\"\">IDEA StatiCa Detail</a>.</p>\n<p><br></p>"
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"value": "<p>El CSFM – Método del Campo de Tensiones Compatible. Es un método para diseñar y realizar la verificación normativa de detalles de hormigón (como ménsulas, encepados de pilotes, vigas con aberturas, extremos rebajados, etc.) y muros. Los detalles pueden crearse paso a paso mediante entidades o pueden importarse desde una referencia DXF, y el modelo se transfiere automáticamente al modelo de análisis mediante el CSFM. Los resultados, según la normativa, son proporcionados.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"9739b6d6-2cbc-4745-a590-4a85f7e1862f\" data-image-id=\"9739b6d6-2cbc-4745-a590-4a85f7e1862f\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/dc56c80f-67f3-481d-a2c8-26dacc258bb2/csfm%20explained%20%281%29.png\" data-asset-id=\"9739b6d6-2cbc-4745-a590-4a85f7e1862f\" data-image-id=\"9739b6d6-2cbc-4745-a590-4a85f7e1862f\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>El método está <strong>resumido</strong> brevemente, y todos los <strong>principios esenciales</strong> se explican en el siguiente artículo. También encontrará comparaciones con el Método de Biela y Tirante y el método de Campos de Tensiones, y cómo se relacionan entre sí. </p>\n<p> <a data-item-id=\"eaab962d-ba44-4ee0-8fa7-45193c9f52b5\" href=\"\">CSFM explicado</a><br></p>\n<p>Para obtener información completa y la teoría, puede elegir una de las siguientes fuentes:</p>\n<p>1. <strong>Conferencia en línea</strong> del Prof. Kaufmann de la ETH:</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n21612110_911e_017f_fa8a_ab67221ba7bd\"></object>\n<p>2. <strong>Base teórica</strong> elaborada por nuestro equipo:</p>\n<p>Obtenga más información sobre el CSFM en nuestra <a data-item-id=\"0000c94c-b603-48c4-8d31-bc56d7c95886\" href=\"\">Base teórica</a>.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Si desea ver el <strong>uso práctico</strong>, vaya a <a data-item-id=\"ebaacf5d-a42f-4212-8530-4a798a6bffe0\" href=\"\">Casos de estudio</a> o <a data-item-id=\"6960cf43-a5d3-4169-8fd0-59b3574b7a36\" href=\"\">Proyectos de ejemplo</a>, donde puede descargar los modelos y comprobar por sí mismo qué resultados puede ofrecerle <a data-item-id=\"4d79cdf4-c6ee-47e8-b4f2-58f4281194bf\" href=\"\">IDEA StatiCa Detail</a>.</p>"
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"value": "<p>Únase al webinar donde el enfoque se centrará en la teoría del método que se esconde bajo el nombre CSFM (<strong>Método del Campo de Tensiones Compatible</strong>). El problema del diseño de estructuras de hormigón armado abrirá el webinar, luego se introducirán los supuestos básicos del método y se discutirán los tipos de estructuras de hormigón armado adecuadas para este método. A continuación, procedemos a un ejemplo práctico que utilizamos para explicar los principios del análisis y las verificaciones de la estructura de hormigón armado mediante CSFM. Como ejemplo de referencia, se seleccionó un <strong>muro de hormigón armado con una abertura</strong>, cargado por una fuerza concentrada ubicada en su borde superior. Muchos de ustedes han encontrado este ejemplo cuando se enseña el método de biela y tirante (STM). Y los resultados del STM se compararán con los obtenidos del CSFM.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"29e7a7f1-3090-4750-9e51-e3b510ba33fd\" data-image-id=\"29e7a7f1-3090-4750-9e51-e3b510ba33fd\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/5dbba801-ab70-462e-aa87-a0b87963b1b1/wall-deformation.png\" data-asset-id=\"29e7a7f1-3090-4750-9e51-e3b510ba33fd\" data-image-id=\"29e7a7f1-3090-4750-9e51-e3b510ba33fd\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"314706ad-bfe3-44e6-aa04-c87cb1a29a68\" data-image-id=\"314706ad-bfe3-44e6-aa04-c87cb1a29a68\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/eadb081a-30e5-4cbe-baea-3cfbc00f17d6/wall-results.png\" data-asset-id=\"314706ad-bfe3-44e6-aa04-c87cb1a29a68\" data-image-id=\"314706ad-bfe3-44e6-aa04-c87cb1a29a68\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>El CSFM ofrece mucho más que simples verificaciones ELU. El estado avanzado del método se basa en la <strong>teoría modificada del campo de compresión</strong>, la implementación de la <strong>rigidización a tracción</strong> y la distinción entre fisuración estabilizada o no estabilizada; por lo tanto, <strong>realizamos verificaciones ELS</strong> del <strong>muro</strong> de hormigón. Así, podemos observar la <strong>anchura de fisura</strong>, la <strong>deformación</strong> y las <strong>tensiones</strong> correspondientes a las combinaciones ELS.</p>\n<p><strong>Método del Campo de Tensiones Compatible (CSFM)</strong>, un nuevo método que permite un diseño sofisticado de hormigón armado de acuerdo con las normativas.</p>\n<p>¡Únase a nuestros experimentados ingenieros de producto y calcule las estimaciones de ayer!</p>\n<h3>Ver la grabación del webinar</h3>"
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"value": "<p>Las verificaciones de ELS en IDEA StatiCa tienen en cuenta automáticamente la influencia de los coeficientes r<sub>inf</sub> y r<sub>sup</sub> definidos en EN 1992-1-1; 5.10.9 (1) para los efectos del pretensado. Por lo tanto, no es necesario considerar estos efectos en los factores de combinación en la aplicación Beam ni en el software de terceros utilizado para la importación.</p>\n<p>En la siguiente figura, puede ver los resultados en la aplicación RCS donde se marcan los efectos supremo e ínfimo.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b91d541b-f653-4e87-af5d-77164eb6543f\" data-image-id=\"b91d541b-f653-4e87-af5d-77164eb6543f\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/eb0c3702-c267-4588-ab38-09b070afeb35/Rinf%20Rsup_03.png\" data-asset-id=\"b91d541b-f653-4e87-af5d-77164eb6543f\" data-image-id=\"b91d541b-f653-4e87-af5d-77164eb6543f\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Entonces, ¿qué ocurrirá si utilizamos los coeficientes en las combinaciones? Veámoslo.</p>\n<h2>Beam</h2>\n<p>El factor de combinación definido por el usuario para la hipótesis de carga de pretensado en la aplicación Beam se considera únicamente para los diagramas presentados de esfuerzos internos. El coeficiente no influirá en la tensión en los tendones ni en los esfuerzos internos que intervienen en la verificación normativa (como se muestra arriba).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"067ee6e8-0449-47dc-8103-73a3ea27caa4\" data-image-id=\"067ee6e8-0449-47dc-8103-73a3ea27caa4\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/3a6de7a3-e9b2-4a32-b68c-a55d1dd8b0f5/Rinf%20Rsup_04.png\" data-asset-id=\"067ee6e8-0449-47dc-8103-73a3ea27caa4\" data-image-id=\"067ee6e8-0449-47dc-8103-73a3ea27caa4\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>En otras palabras, a efectos de la verificación normativa, los efectos del pretensado están definidos por el área del tendón y su tensión inicial. El factor de combinación para las verificaciones normativas es siempre igual a uno.</p>\n<h2>BIM - importación</h2>\n<p>En las combinaciones del modelo global, los coeficientes de las hipótesis de carga que contienen pretensado deben ser iguales a 1,0. Los coeficientes <em>r</em><em><sub>sup</sub></em> y <em>r</em><em><sub>inf</sub></em> se aplicarán tal como se describe anteriormente.</p>\n<h2>¿Cómo influir en el valor de los coeficientes?</h2>\n<p>Los coeficientes están definidos por la normativa. Puede influir en el valor cambiando el anejo nacional o modificando el valor en los ajustes de normativa y cálculo en la aplicación RCS. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"9364513f-c31d-4cf0-be3a-46e635cb3faa\" data-image-id=\"9364513f-c31d-4cf0-be3a-46e635cb3faa\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/cd6ac36b-e78e-4ecc-943e-33119ccbbb07/rsup%20rinf%20code.png\" data-asset-id=\"9364513f-c31d-4cf0-be3a-46e635cb3faa\" data-image-id=\"9364513f-c31d-4cf0-be3a-46e635cb3faa\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <li>Más información sobre los ajustes de normativa en <a data-item-id=\"4c296380-45bb-40ec-ac2f-2ce0a0d47c84\" href=\"\"><strong>Ajustes de normativa y cálculo en RCS</strong></a></li>\n</ul>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"take_idea_statica_24_0_for_a_test_drive_today\"></object>"
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"value": "<p>Hay cuatro pestañas dedicadas a los resultados de ELS en la aplicación.</p>\n<ul>\n <li><strong>Resultados generales</strong></li>\n <li><strong>Limitación de tensiones</strong></li>\n <li><strong>Ancho de fisura</strong></li>\n <li><strong>Detalles constructivos</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<p>En la primera pestaña, puede encontrar un breve resumen de los resultados generales. Solo verá los resultados del análisis que seleccionó mediante el control de cálculo. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"8b8a40c7-ad5e-4088-aa38-1615c9559c1c\" data-image-id=\"8b8a40c7-ad5e-4088-aa38-1615c9559c1c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/da6079fd-4c24-428a-b8df-b9d8331fb0f0/rcb_05_03_01.png\" data-asset-id=\"8b8a40c7-ad5e-4088-aa38-1615c9559c1c\" data-image-id=\"8b8a40c7-ad5e-4088-aa38-1615c9559c1c\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>El resto de las pestañas están dedicadas a verificaciones individuales. Pero antes de analizarlas, necesitamos comprender las hipótesis del cálculo. Por lo tanto, consulte el artículo: <a data-item-id=\"6fcefe69-5439-4ac1-af76-f388fab9b968\" href=\"\">Hipótesis de cálculo para ELS</a>. Con este conocimiento, podemos continuar y revisar los resultados individuales paso a paso.</p>\n<h2>Limitación de tensiones</h2>\n<p>En primer lugar, está la verificación de limitación de tensiones. Este cálculo proporciona una comparación de la tensión calculada con los valores límite según el Eurocódigo. Cómo se obtienen los valores específicos y qué casos básicos (en términos de límite de tensión) se resuelven, puede encontrarlo en el artículo: <a data-item-id=\"27c146c7-45d0-47d3-b354-a8e4059db365\" href=\"\">Verificación de limitación de tensiones</a>. </p>\n<p>Exploraremos cómo trabajar con los resultados y cómo influir en ellos una vez que tengamos una idea del diseño y las opciones de visualización. </p>\n<h4>Diseño</h4>\n<p>Consulte la barra de herramientas superior; la parte Configuración está dedicada a los datos del código y del proyecto. Es la misma para todos los pasos del flujo de trabajo. </p>\n<p>Las siguientes partes ya son diferentes. Observe la figura a continuación, donde se marcan las opciones para ajustar la presentación gráfica del resultado:</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"a0ff777a-fec0-4165-8f83-d3f70869cb80\" data-image-id=\"a0ff777a-fec0-4165-8f83-d3f70869cb80\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/1f542c41-10ca-4661-b12e-b3f6b8ebebf6/rcb_050302.png\" data-asset-id=\"a0ff777a-fec0-4165-8f83-d3f70869cb80\" data-image-id=\"a0ff777a-fec0-4165-8f83-d3f70869cb80\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Descripción de opciones:</p>\n<ol>\n <li>Opción para alternar entre vista 2D y 3D. Para la vista 2D, podemos decidir si queremos ver una sección transversal girada o el resultado dentro/fuera de la sección transversal. </li>\n <li>La pestaña se utiliza para activar/desactivar el diagrama de deformaciones para la sección de hormigón y armadura y sus ajustes de tamaño.</li>\n <li>La pestaña se utiliza para activar/desactivar el diagrama de tensiones para la sección de hormigón y armadura y sus ajustes de tamaño.</li>\n <li>La opción para mostrar los valores extremos de los diagramas, todos o ninguno.</li>\n <li>A continuación, podemos modificar el relleno del diagrama.</li>\n <li>Los siguientes dos botones nos permiten activar/desactivar las líneas de cota.</li>\n <li>La última parte está dedicada a la sección transversal. Tenemos la opción de mostrar los números de barras y fibras y modificar su posición. También podemos mostrar la barra y fibra extremas.</li>\n</ol>\n<h4>Cálculo</h4>\n<p>El resto de los botones de la barra de herramientas superior están relacionados con el cálculo en sí.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"33728ffb-b234-4560-aac0-b5b4a475e8d2\" data-image-id=\"33728ffb-b234-4560-aac0-b5b4a475e8d2\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/77d90fc7-bc8e-4bec-a13d-2683df29426f/rcb_050303.png\" data-asset-id=\"33728ffb-b234-4560-aac0-b5b4a475e8d2\" data-image-id=\"33728ffb-b234-4560-aac0-b5b4a475e8d2\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Para la limitación de tensiones, tenemos 4 verificaciones normativas, como se mencionó al principio del capítulo. Las dos primeras verificaciones, según 7.2 (2) y 7.2 (3), se realizan para ambos casos: con o sin la influencia de los efectos a largo plazo (reología del hormigón). </p>\n<p>Para los efectos a corto plazo, se utiliza el módulo de elasticidad <em>E</em><em><sub>cm</sub></em>. </p>\n<p>Para los efectos a largo plazo, se utiliza el módulo de elasticidad efectivo <em>E</em><em><sub>c,eff</sub></em><em> = E</em><em><sub>cm</sub></em><em>/(1+φ)</em>. Donde <em>φ</em> es el factor de fluencia.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"f6d89cc7-2655-4481-9694-2e4c14171cde\" data-image-id=\"f6d89cc7-2655-4481-9694-2e4c14171cde\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/d32e0630-8ffc-4e4f-b9d9-7546acb55672/rcb_050304.png\" data-asset-id=\"f6d89cc7-2655-4481-9694-2e4c14171cde\" data-image-id=\"f6d89cc7-2655-4481-9694-2e4c14171cde\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Los efectos a largo plazo se incluyen así en la fluencia.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"64772e5a-aac8-421b-ba6c-f7a363681409\" data-image-id=\"64772e5a-aac8-421b-ba6c-f7a363681409\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/d3e1e0eb-519c-443d-a338-bd52bd9fbd82/rcb_050305.png\" data-asset-id=\"64772e5a-aac8-421b-ba6c-f7a363681409\" data-image-id=\"64772e5a-aac8-421b-ba6c-f7a363681409\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>El factor de fluencia puede ser calculado por el software (opción predeterminada) o puede establecerse manualmente en <a data-item-id=\"953a0c24-4990-44c2-8f09-492e6a115342\" href=\"\">Elemento de diseño</a>. Tenga en cuenta que en RCS se utiliza el cálculo lineal para el factor de fluencia.</p>\n<p>La verificación normativa se realiza mediante la comparación de la tensión calculada en el hormigón y en la armadura con los valores límite según EN 1992-1-1 7.2. </p>\n<h4>Consejo para usuarios avanzados</h4>\n<p>Existe una opción para influir en los resultados cuando se supera el límite para 7.2 (3). Se permite considerar un valor más alto del factor k<sub>2</sub> cuando se considera el cálculo no lineal del factor de fluencia. </p>\n<p>Puede cambiar el valor de k<sub>2</sub> en la configuración del código:</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"8d4b3031-c81b-49b6-8d6d-2c4b219daef5\" data-image-id=\"8d4b3031-c81b-49b6-8d6d-2c4b219daef5\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/db9228cf-066d-4924-91bc-15a984a177d5/rcb_050307.png\" data-asset-id=\"8d4b3031-c81b-49b6-8d6d-2c4b219daef5\" data-image-id=\"8d4b3031-c81b-49b6-8d6d-2c4b219daef5\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Pero recuerde que es necesario determinar el factor de fluencia con mayor precisión.</p>\n<p>Resumamos las opciones disponibles:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>El coeficiente de fluencia es calculado por el software mediante cálculo lineal. Entonces se debe utilizar el factor k<sub>2</sub> = 0,45 (establecido por defecto). </li>\n <li>El coeficiente de fluencia se establece como entrada del usuario. Al considerar la fluencia no lineal, podemos aumentar el factor a k<sub>2</sub> = 0,6.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Ancho de fisura</h2>\n<p>Si la tensión en el hormigón es superior a la resistencia a tracción del hormigón, la sección se considera fisurada. Y la siguiente verificación normativa del ELS es el ancho de fisura.</p>\n<p>Consulte el artículo <a data-item-id=\"5b51a310-2eed-4d41-aea8-3b1a41713f43\" href=\"\">Fundamento teórico - Fisuras</a> para conocer la teoría, las hipótesis y cómo se implementa el cálculo del ancho de fisura en RCS. </p>\n<p>Para una comprensión completa, también se recomienda leer el siguiente artículo: <a data-item-id=\"754996ca-bca4-4953-aac7-de7b6aa4598a\" href=\"\">Verificación del ancho de fisura en secciones transversales con gran recubrimiento de hormigón</a>.</p>\n<p>La verificación normativa del ancho de fisura se realiza comparando el ancho calculado w<sub>k</sub> con el ancho w<sub>lim</sub> según 7.3.1 (5). </p>\n<p>Los límites implementados se pueden encontrar en la configuración del código. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"d5020bf7-1c0f-4299-875e-f39c3aa7666f\" data-image-id=\"d5020bf7-1c0f-4299-875e-f39c3aa7666f\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/a67cf91d-0968-43b2-b875-dd2aa3360b37/rcb_050308.png\" data-asset-id=\"d5020bf7-1c0f-4299-875e-f39c3aa7666f\" data-image-id=\"d5020bf7-1c0f-4299-875e-f39c3aa7666f\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Detalles constructivos</h2>\n<p>Los detalles constructivos son la última verificación normativa de las verificaciones de ELS.</p>\n<p>Los esfuerzos internos para los que se realiza la verificación se enumeran al principio de la tabla.</p>\n<p>A continuación se indican las condiciones de la verificación. Todas se toman del Eurocódigo. La referencia al artículo específico siempre se indica junto al título.</p>\n<p>A esto le sigue información sobre los valores utilizados en el cálculo basados en los datos de entrada.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"a301b9df-d0db-44fa-b268-a014b56863a0\" data-image-id=\"a301b9df-d0db-44fa-b268-a014b56863a0\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/bdcb5153-0845-4965-a975-0cb9233994d5/rcb_050309.png\" data-asset-id=\"a301b9df-d0db-44fa-b268-a014b56863a0\" data-image-id=\"a301b9df-d0db-44fa-b268-a014b56863a0\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h4>Consejo para usuarios avanzados</h4>\n<p>Puede ocurrir que, para acelerar el diseño, introduzcamos en RCS el esquema simplificado de la armadura. En este caso, recomendamos desactivar los detalles constructivos en el Control de cálculo y verificarlos manualmente según planos más detallados.</p>"
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"value": "<p>Hay cinco pestañas para los resultados ELU en la aplicación.</p>\n<ul>\n <li><strong>Capacidad N-M-M</strong></li>\n <li><strong>Cortante</strong></li>\n <li><strong>Torsión</strong></li>\n <li><strong>Interacción</strong></li>\n <li><strong>Respuesta N-M-M</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Antes de repasarlas, veamos el resultado general donde puede encontrar todos los resultados seleccionados (mediante el control de cálculo) con las fuerzas internas correspondientes.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"82776974-6cef-4d9f-be99-eff926a2db1a\" data-image-id=\"82776974-6cef-4d9f-be99-eff926a2db1a\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/f76b5dbd-bb24-49d3-bb63-5048434a9fdd/RC-B_06_13.png\" data-asset-id=\"82776974-6cef-4d9f-be99-eff926a2db1a\" data-image-id=\"82776974-6cef-4d9f-be99-eff926a2db1a\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Capacidad N-M-M</h2>\n<p>La primera pestaña es la verificación de Capacidad N-M-M. Este tipo de cálculo proporciona una verificación de la interacción entre la fuerza normal y los momentos flectores. Si desea conocer la teoría detrás de esto, lea este artículo: <a data-item-id=\"fa1ccbb4-2aaf-4470-872c-01deea75f006\" href=\"\"><strong>Flexión</strong></a>.</p>\n<p>Como se indicó en la introducción, el artículo está enfocado en el uso práctico. Así que veamos las formas de mostrar este tipo de resultado. A continuación se enumeran tres configuraciones de visualización que pueden combinarse entre sí.</p>\n<ul>\n <li><strong>Tipo de diagrama</strong>\n <ul>\n <li>Secciones de interacción </li>\n <li>Excentricidad ELU</li>\n </ul>\n </li>\n <li><strong>Tipo de resultados</strong>\n <ul>\n <li>para Extremo</li>\n <li>para Sección</li>\n </ul>\n </li>\n <li><strong>Evaluación del diagrama de interacción</strong>\n <ul>\n <li>NuMuMu</li>\n <li>NuMM</li>\n <li>NMuMu</li>\n </ul>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"8d74aef7-49c2-48aa-8541-ee7b7edf4b47\" data-image-id=\"8d74aef7-49c2-48aa-8541-ee7b7edf4b47\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/f71d514f-396b-4f7d-945e-e169d695f8de/RC-B_06_14.png\" data-asset-id=\"8d74aef7-49c2-48aa-8541-ee7b7edf4b47\" data-image-id=\"8d74aef7-49c2-48aa-8541-ee7b7edf4b47\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Repasemos las opciones de combinaciones de configuraciones de visualización.</p>\n<h3>Secciones de interacción + Extremo</h3>\n<p>En primer lugar, comenzamos con las <strong>Secciones de interacción</strong> mostradas para el <strong>extremo actual</strong>. En la barra de herramientas Sección de superficie de interacción, puede mostrar cuatro secciones de una superficie de interacción. </p>\n<ul>\n <li>My - Mz -> superficie horizontal</li>\n <li>N - M resultante -> según la relación actual entre My y Mz</li>\n <li>N - My -> superficie vertical en el eje y</li>\n <li>N - Mz -> superficie vertical en el eje z</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"585e7199-f633-484b-848b-240ad3fc5b82\" data-image-id=\"585e7199-f633-484b-848b-240ad3fc5b82\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/3b125f5b-ecf1-4694-a464-fd1fbc5efac8/RC-B_06_15.png\" data-asset-id=\"585e7199-f633-484b-848b-240ad3fc5b82\" data-image-id=\"585e7199-f633-484b-848b-240ad3fc5b82\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"ab27f060-081b-4cf3-8303-26d57322e1ec\" data-image-id=\"ab27f060-081b-4cf3-8303-26d57322e1ec\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/645ea1b5-5d5a-4f25-8854-9a354d50549e/RC-B_06_16.png\" data-asset-id=\"ab27f060-081b-4cf3-8303-26d57322e1ec\" data-image-id=\"ab27f060-081b-4cf3-8303-26d57322e1ec\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>También puede decidir si desea ver las cargas o el punto último en el diagrama. Se puede cambiar en la cinta superior en la barra de herramientas Dibujar puntos.</p>\n<p>En la barra de herramientas Cuadrícula de secciones de superficie de interacción, puede ajustar la cuadrícula de los diagramas de interacción.</p>\n<p>Y los diagramas de interacción también pueden exportarse a un archivo de texto o a una hoja de cálculo. Para hacerlo, utilice las herramientas en la barra de herramientas Exportar diagrama de interacción.</p>\n<h4>Evaluación del diagrama de interacción</h4>\n<p>Existen tres métodos para evaluar el diagrama de interacción. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"03bac79f-b627-4add-83e4-1f9f3e215d1f\" data-image-id=\"03bac79f-b627-4add-83e4-1f9f3e215d1f\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/00b9e293-5541-4648-a2fb-eea67c94a21c/RC-B_06_17.png\" data-asset-id=\"03bac79f-b627-4add-83e4-1f9f3e215d1f\" data-image-id=\"03bac79f-b627-4add-83e4-1f9f3e215d1f\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><strong>NuMuMu</strong> - la resistencia de la sección transversal se determina asumiendo un cambio proporcional de todos los componentes de las fuerzas internas actuantes.</p>\n<p><strong>NuMM</strong> -<strong> </strong>la resistencia de la sección transversal se determina asumiendo momentos flectores constantes.</p>\n<p><strong>NMuMu</strong> - la resistencia de la sección transversal se determina asumiendo fuerza normal constante.</p>\n<h3>Secciones de interacción + Sección</h3>\n<p>En segundo lugar, podemos mostrar las Secciones de interacción para más extremos. Para hacerlo, simplemente cambie el Tipo de resultados en la cinta superior. Verá entonces todos los extremos dibujados en una (o más) sección de interacción. Si las secciones de interacción difieren para los extremos individuales, puede hacer que el programa las muestre con diferentes colores. Esto se puede hacer en la cinta superior en la barra de herramientas Configuración de colores. También puede limitar el número de diagramas mostrados en la barra de herramientas Configuración de dibujo.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"f205a0b0-e1c9-48f4-b6dc-43c284d1660c\" data-image-id=\"f205a0b0-e1c9-48f4-b6dc-43c284d1660c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/72f58eef-689f-4538-88a7-2d6d67cdb827/RC-B_06_18.png\" data-asset-id=\"f205a0b0-e1c9-48f4-b6dc-43c284d1660c\" data-image-id=\"f205a0b0-e1c9-48f4-b6dc-43c284d1660c\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h3>Excentricidad ELU</h3>\n<p>Finalmente, puede mostrar el diagrama de excentricidad de la fuerza normal en función de las fuerzas normales. Puede mostrarse nuevamente para Extremo o para Sección. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"303a896d-a3e8-460f-af0b-f97a3c0f20e9\" data-image-id=\"303a896d-a3e8-460f-af0b-f97a3c0f20e9\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/7e1b15ea-8e42-4245-853f-89af44ef9752/RC-B_06_19.png\" data-asset-id=\"303a896d-a3e8-460f-af0b-f97a3c0f20e9\" data-image-id=\"303a896d-a3e8-460f-af0b-f97a3c0f20e9\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Cortante</h2>\n<p>La segunda pestaña para las verificaciones ELU es el Cortante. Todos los cálculos se realizan según el artículo 6.2 de EN 1992-1-1. Puede controlar el ángulo theta en la cinta superior. Este ángulo gobierna la inclinación entre las bielas comprimidas de hormigón y el eje de la viga perpendicular a la fuerza cortante. O puede utilizar la función de optimización de biela, que puede encontrar el ángulo más efectivo automáticamente. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"3a0f2815-204e-4763-9aa7-1e96dd08b6f7\" data-image-id=\"3a0f2815-204e-4763-9aa7-1e96dd08b6f7\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/e385fbfc-4c5d-45ec-a5b2-d1db90b2652e/RC-B_06_20.png\" data-asset-id=\"3a0f2815-204e-4763-9aa7-1e96dd08b6f7\" data-image-id=\"3a0f2815-204e-4763-9aa7-1e96dd08b6f7\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Por supuesto, puede calcular la capacidad a cortante en ambas direcciones, pero debe tener en cuenta el ángulo entre el gradiente en el plano del plano de deformaciones y las fuerzas cortantes resultantes. El programa puede calcular automáticamente el canto útil de la sección transversal <em>d</em>, el brazo mecánico interior <em>z</em> y el ancho eficaz <em>b</em><em><sub>w</sub></em>, pero si el ángulo supera los 20 grados, los valores del canto útil y del brazo mecánico y, en consecuencia, la resistencia a cortante podrían verse afectados. Por lo tanto, se recomienda establecer estos valores manualmente en el Editor de armadura -> Configuración de usuario -> Sección transversal.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"92f75867-bd21-402b-accf-37ad06c8ec53\" data-image-id=\"92f75867-bd21-402b-accf-37ad06c8ec53\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/2f641c22-813c-4c3a-ba44-3e6c9c5859cd/RC-B_06_21.png\" data-asset-id=\"92f75867-bd21-402b-accf-37ad06c8ec53\" data-image-id=\"92f75867-bd21-402b-accf-37ad06c8ec53\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <li>Lea el siguiente artículo para saber - <a data-item-id=\"20140238-707b-59c0-86f2-a824eaf6787a\" href=\"\"><strong>Cómo establecer correctamente el brazo mecánico</strong></a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Si desea conocer lo que hay detrás, lea el siguiente artículo: <a data-item-id=\"a42a6426-b702-4eba-b703-d55b11365bad\" href=\"\"><strong>Cortante</strong></a>. En el capítulo <strong>Brazo mecánico de fuerzas internas</strong>, puede encontrar una explicación de por qué establecer manualmente los valores del canto útil y del brazo mecánico.</p>\n<p>Otro tema importante es la evaluación del cortante en secciones circulares. Lea el siguiente artículo para aprender cómo IDEA StatiCa RCS puede resolver este problema - <a data-item-id=\"6f90f137-b429-4f05-8c59-2f834c651a95\" href=\"\"><strong>Cortante en RCS - secciones transversales circulares</strong></a></p>\n<h2>Torsión</h2>\n<p>La siguiente pestaña para las verificaciones ELU es la Torsión. Todos los cálculos se realizan según el artículo 6.3 de EN 1992-1-1. El ángulo theta se comparte, por supuesto, con la verificación de cortante y puede definirse en la cinta superior, al igual que en la verificación de cortante. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"eff167ad-ad28-4bd1-b3b6-d83c43efc83f\" data-image-id=\"eff167ad-ad28-4bd1-b3b6-d83c43efc83f\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/e1e8b01d-c1cd-4cfc-bed1-f7170844acc9/RC-B_06_22.png\" data-asset-id=\"eff167ad-ad28-4bd1-b3b6-d83c43efc83f\" data-image-id=\"eff167ad-ad28-4bd1-b3b6-d83c43efc83f\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>La sección equivalente de pared delgada puede crearse automáticamente en función del estribo seleccionado. Si la situación es simple como en la siguiente figura, no hay ningún problema.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"23e28d0b-1d85-4dba-b922-0d73373a0469\" data-image-id=\"23e28d0b-1d85-4dba-b922-0d73373a0469\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/d209c3e4-6257-44c7-b948-a99c4be4ad43/RC-B_06_23.png\" data-asset-id=\"23e28d0b-1d85-4dba-b922-0d73373a0469\" data-image-id=\"23e28d0b-1d85-4dba-b922-0d73373a0469\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Pero en el caso de secciones transversales complicadas como puentes de cajón o formas generales, donde normalmente se definen múltiples estribos para la torsión, la creación automática de la sección equivalente de pared delgada no es suficiente. En ese caso, vaya al Editor de armadura -> Configuración de usuario -> Torsión y realice la entrada manual.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"f2e5585a-4978-4ec9-9761-1528048bebf2\" data-image-id=\"f2e5585a-4978-4ec9-9761-1528048bebf2\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/1ef86159-2d5b-4d31-888c-2d1ba36aee30/RC-B_06_24.png\" data-asset-id=\"f2e5585a-4978-4ec9-9761-1528048bebf2\" data-image-id=\"f2e5585a-4978-4ec9-9761-1528048bebf2\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>De nuevo, la teoría detrás del cálculo de torsión se describe en el siguiente artículo: <a data-item-id=\"0f49a9be-8632-4dc8-ad0d-c692a14ab752\" href=\"\"><strong>Torsión</strong></a>.</p>\n<h2>Interacción</h2>\n<p>La interacción entre la fuerza cortante y la torsión puede calcularse, así como la interacción entre cortante, torsión y flexión. Puede verificar el hormigón, la armadura de cortante y la armadura longitudinal. Toda la teoría sobre la interacción se describe en el siguiente artículo: <a data-item-id=\"1dd237d8-efd5-4460-9bb9-b72a65dbef5d\" href=\"\"><strong>Interacción</strong></a></p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c0ab7116-0afc-419f-a2db-36b56104b85b\" data-image-id=\"c0ab7116-0afc-419f-a2db-36b56104b85b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/b08ea329-0fbb-4e64-ae4a-f5f6e63ce810/RC-B_06_25.png\" data-asset-id=\"c0ab7116-0afc-419f-a2db-36b56104b85b\" data-image-id=\"c0ab7116-0afc-419f-a2db-36b56104b85b\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Pero la pregunta es: ¿Es necesario verificar siempre la interacción entre todas las fuerzas (V+T+M)? Si no, ¿dónde debo verificar qué?</p>\n<p>Por supuesto, debe verificar la capacidad N-M-M en todas partes. Pero, ¿qué pasa con el cortante? Siga el artículo 6.2.3 (5) de EN 1992-1-1, donde puede leer que no siempre es necesario utilizar el valor completo de la fuerza cortante para verificar la armadura de cortante.</p>\n<p>Para la armadura longitudinal sobre el apoyo, la interacción completa tampoco es siempre necesaria. Para obtener más información, lea el artículo 6.2.3 (7) de EN 1992-1-1. Para excluir la fuerza de tracción adicional en la armadura longitudinal debida al cortante, vaya a Navegador -> Elemento de diseño y active la verificación de interacción limitada.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"28f9456c-35b7-4a6b-b0e3-50c359134105\" data-image-id=\"28f9456c-35b7-4a6b-b0e3-50c359134105\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/1027c071-381e-42db-b817-dc98e7a61394/RC-B_06_26.png\" data-asset-id=\"28f9456c-35b7-4a6b-b0e3-50c359134105\" data-image-id=\"28f9456c-35b7-4a6b-b0e3-50c359134105\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Después de eso, aún debe elegir la combinación para la verificación de interacción limitada. Esto se puede hacer en Navegador -> Fuerzas internas.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"a94ae749-3f49-4ec6-9cc7-86bf7293afc0\" data-image-id=\"a94ae749-3f49-4ec6-9cc7-86bf7293afc0\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/68271571-4736-44cf-a975-0dd0667c75b4/RC-B_06_27.png\" data-asset-id=\"a94ae749-3f49-4ec6-9cc7-86bf7293afc0\" data-image-id=\"a94ae749-3f49-4ec6-9cc7-86bf7293afc0\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Lea el siguiente artículo donde puede encontrar cómo <strong>se aplica a la sección transversal la fuerza longitudinal causada por el cortante y la torsión</strong>.</p>\n<ul>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"808008d4-d25a-403f-a4cd-ed61e1c71203\" href=\"\"><strong>Mejoras en la verificación normativa de interacción </strong></a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Respuesta N-M-M</h2>\n<p>Este tipo de cálculo puede encontrar la respuesta de la sección transversal cuando se aplica la carga. Los resultados (tensión y deformación) se comparan entonces con los límites determinados por el método de deformación límite en estado último.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"f28107d1-1db9-4d8b-bcff-a7264b14f7ca\" data-image-id=\"f28107d1-1db9-4d8b-bcff-a7264b14f7ca\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/78d7ee2e-4f85-4e97-9a7f-bc8474c6dc07/RC-B_06_30.png\" data-asset-id=\"f28107d1-1db9-4d8b-bcff-a7264b14f7ca\" data-image-id=\"f28107d1-1db9-4d8b-bcff-a7264b14f7ca\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Hay cuatro opciones diferentes para mostrar los resultados. Tenga en cuenta que son las mismas para Interacción.</p>\n<ul>\n <li>2D</li>\n <li>3D</li>\n <li>Fuerzas 3D</li>\n <li>Diagrama</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Puede cambiar entre ellas en la cinta superior. En la figura anterior se mostró la opción de visualización 2D. Si se selecciona esta opción, puede mostrar una sección transversal girada o resultados girados. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c90ca42a-794d-46e4-b3c5-c48f99130824\" data-image-id=\"c90ca42a-794d-46e4-b3c5-c48f99130824\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/cda2413a-36ac-4e5a-846a-0ad673e0fa6f/RC-B_06_31.png\" data-asset-id=\"c90ca42a-794d-46e4-b3c5-c48f99130824\" data-image-id=\"c90ca42a-794d-46e4-b3c5-c48f99130824\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>En la figura, los resultados estaban fuera de la sección transversal. Si lo necesita, los resultados también pueden mostrarse dentro de la sección.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"d4f9f758-aa7d-44ac-a59a-06d159d657d1\" data-image-id=\"d4f9f758-aa7d-44ac-a59a-06d159d657d1\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/edadacea-aa94-4c88-9043-7a7550e781dc/RC-B_06_32.png\" data-asset-id=\"d4f9f758-aa7d-44ac-a59a-06d159d657d1\" data-image-id=\"d4f9f758-aa7d-44ac-a59a-06d159d657d1\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Para la vista 2D, puede activar/desactivar la deformación y la tensión en el hormigón y la armadura, ajustar las etiquetas, modificar el gráfico de resultados, añadir líneas de cota y números de barras, y mostrar la fibra extrema o la barra extrema. Todas estas configuraciones de vista están disponibles en la cinta superior en las diferentes barras de herramientas.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"7072c791-55a4-481c-a885-b3af83e623e4\" data-image-id=\"7072c791-55a4-481c-a885-b3af83e623e4\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/c743d7b7-7ff7-4495-8e0e-6da2391cc06b/RC-B_06_33.png\" data-asset-id=\"7072c791-55a4-481c-a885-b3af83e623e4\" data-image-id=\"7072c791-55a4-481c-a885-b3af83e623e4\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>La vista 3D se muestra a continuación. Puede ayudarle a comprender los resultados de la sección transversal afectada por ambos momentos flectores <em>M</em><em><sub>y</sub></em> y <em>M</em><em><sub>z</sub></em>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"6de19521-3ac8-4311-8d24-2d8fee7c1ee3\" data-image-id=\"6de19521-3ac8-4311-8d24-2d8fee7c1ee3\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/54c0b813-e8de-4163-9107-bc14609a9d9f/RC-B_06_34.png\" data-asset-id=\"6de19521-3ac8-4311-8d24-2d8fee7c1ee3\" data-image-id=\"6de19521-3ac8-4311-8d24-2d8fee7c1ee3\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>En la vista de fuerzas 3D, puede mostrar las fuerzas resultantes para el hormigón en compresión y la armadura bajo tracción así como bajo compresión. También se muestra la fuerza normal en la excentricidad.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"2245bebb-6e76-4ef2-9d60-8b0eae001a33\" data-image-id=\"2245bebb-6e76-4ef2-9d60-8b0eae001a33\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/ba9eb04f-df21-45ba-ad5c-bcafeb46e5ca/RC-B_06_35.png\" data-asset-id=\"2245bebb-6e76-4ef2-9d60-8b0eae001a33\" data-image-id=\"2245bebb-6e76-4ef2-9d60-8b0eae001a33\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>El último tipo de vista es el Diagrama. 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"value": "<p>Presentamos un seminario web poco convencional. Esta vez no vamos a centrarnos en un tema específico, sino que hablaremos de varios temas. Se han elegido cinco problemas frecuentes del servicio de asistencia técnica para ser demostrados. Y nos gustaría compartirlos con usted. Tanto los usuarios existentes como los nuevos obtendrán su merecido, ya que el contenido del seminario web está diseñado para explicar los principios básicos de los cálculos, pero al mismo tiempo se amplían con preguntas interesantes de nuestros usuarios. </p>\n<p>IDEA StatiCa Concrete incluye varias aplicaciones destinadas al diseño de hormigón armado. En el seminario web nos quedaremos en la aplicación IDEA StatiCa RCS. Esta aplicación fue desarrollada para la verificación normativa de secciones transversales de hormigón armado y pretensado de un elemento de diseño: vigas, pilares, losas, muros y láminas. Puede ejecutarse como aplicación independiente o como parte de IDEA StatiCa Beam, BIM, Column y Member.</p>\n<p>La respuesta N-M-M de la sección es una de las posibilidades para verificar una sección de hormigón armado o pretensado sometida a fuerza normal y momentos flectores. El método detrás de esta verificación también se denomina método de deformación límite. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"2323ed91-1e64-4102-b416-271f289128a0\" data-image-id=\"2323ed91-1e64-4102-b416-271f289128a0\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/90f16a33-7747-4ccc-988a-85044c37fed3/Response%20of%20RC%20T-section%20-%20strain%20and%20stress%20distribution%20along%20the%20height.PNG\" data-asset-id=\"2323ed91-1e64-4102-b416-271f289128a0\" data-image-id=\"2323ed91-1e64-4102-b416-271f289128a0\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"3e8f3539-8026-44cf-814d-c33906b5a77e\" data-image-id=\"3e8f3539-8026-44cf-814d-c33906b5a77e\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/bf2d6dcb-e2a5-4d68-84bc-9b650f58f247/Response%20of%20RC%20T-section%20-%20stress-strain%20diagram%20-%20extreme%20value%20of%20fiber.PNG\" data-asset-id=\"3e8f3539-8026-44cf-814d-c33906b5a77e\" data-image-id=\"3e8f3539-8026-44cf-814d-c33906b5a77e\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"5eda43be-b8bd-4855-9497-ec854e6df0bc\" data-image-id=\"5eda43be-b8bd-4855-9497-ec854e6df0bc\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/b2e75bc4-65e0-4ecb-9dd5-36ccaa4a86c5/Response%20of%20RC%20T-section%20-%20stress-strain%20diagram%20-%20extreme%20value%20of%20rebar.PNG\" data-asset-id=\"5eda43be-b8bd-4855-9497-ec854e6df0bc\" data-image-id=\"5eda43be-b8bd-4855-9497-ec854e6df0bc\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>¿Sabía que es posible importar elementos 2D incluyendo sus fuerzas internas correspondientes? El flujo de trabajo es el siguiente:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>modelo global en software de análisis por elementos finitos (Axis VM, SCIA Engineer, midas Civil/Gen)</li>\n <li>importar el elemento de diseño a IDEA StatiCa BIM</li>\n <li>crear una sección donde se producen las fuerzas críticas</li>\n <li>verificación normativa en IDEA StatiCa RCS</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b667c31f-9ba9-4413-9af7-2e2e0ddfb051\" data-image-id=\"b667c31f-9ba9-4413-9af7-2e2e0ddfb051\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/6260c9ce-5736-4f09-bf5a-53401dec017b/imported%20internal%20forces%20of%202D%20member%20in%20BIM.PNG\" data-asset-id=\"b667c31f-9ba9-4413-9af7-2e2e0ddfb051\" data-image-id=\"b667c31f-9ba9-4413-9af7-2e2e0ddfb051\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"0e029334-a41d-4c09-9e6d-d811efa09a3d\" data-image-id=\"0e029334-a41d-4c09-9e6d-d811efa09a3d\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/4ea3ca33-16f2-407f-97ab-5ff7bd04d7be/shell%20internal%20forces%20in%20RCS.PNG\" data-asset-id=\"0e029334-a41d-4c09-9e6d-d811efa09a3d\" data-image-id=\"0e029334-a41d-4c09-9e6d-d811efa09a3d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Grabación del seminario web</h2>"
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"value": "<h2>Datos del proyecto</h2>\n<p>Primero, comencemos con la configuración de los datos del proyecto. Puede acceder a la tabla desde la cinta superior -> barra de herramientas Configuración. Una de las cosas que se deben definir aquí es la información básica sobre el proyecto, como el nombre del proyecto, número, descripción, autor y fecha. Esta información se enviará luego al informe automático. </p>\n<p>Otra entrada que puede realizar aquí es la configuración de los <strong>valores predeterminados</strong> para el Código Nacional. Puede establecer los códigos y el anejo nacional para el proyecto, así como las funcionalidades, la vida útil de diseño, las clases de exposición y los grados de material.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"584d548f-1ed7-4810-a38a-8e4b68d7b135\" data-image-id=\"584d548f-1ed7-4810-a38a-8e4b68d7b135\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/d9e72823-f207-4cb3-80c6-d0cc56e77222/RC-B_06_37.png\" data-asset-id=\"584d548f-1ed7-4810-a38a-8e4b68d7b135\" data-image-id=\"584d548f-1ed7-4810-a38a-8e4b68d7b135\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Configuración de código y cálculo</h2>\n<p>En segundo lugar, están las configuraciones de código y cálculo donde puede revisar los capítulos del código utilizado y cambiar los valores predeterminados de coeficientes, límites o condiciones. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"7333aae3-7a22-457b-87a0-701393bf0ae9\" data-image-id=\"7333aae3-7a22-457b-87a0-701393bf0ae9\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/c3bb1af6-3221-4d77-a3cf-97cee9469273/RC-B_06_38.png\" data-asset-id=\"7333aae3-7a22-457b-87a0-701393bf0ae9\" data-image-id=\"7333aae3-7a22-457b-87a0-701393bf0ae9\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Si se selecciona el anejo nacional, verá la bandera del anejo junto a los valores que difieren del Eurocódigo general. También habrá el nuevo valor o, por ejemplo, la ecuación para el cálculo automático. Como se muestra en la siguiente figura.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"2c363868-e283-47b4-9f3d-9f248b7ca0c8\" data-image-id=\"2c363868-e283-47b4-9f3d-9f248b7ca0c8\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/5a09cb9b-c85d-4eab-bfb6-2dc021b130fb/RC-B_06_39.png\" data-asset-id=\"2c363868-e283-47b4-9f3d-9f248b7ca0c8\" data-image-id=\"2c363868-e283-47b4-9f3d-9f248b7ca0c8\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>También puede haber una entrada de tabla que, por supuesto, se puede ajustar de la misma manera. Vea el ejemplo con la tabla del ancho de fisura en la siguiente figura.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"220bf51f-a42b-4d12-bf03-93afe8634702\" data-image-id=\"220bf51f-a42b-4d12-bf03-93afe8634702\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/70640c8f-4b73-48a1-b083-8bce8b529a00/RC-B_06_40.png\" data-asset-id=\"220bf51f-a42b-4d12-bf03-93afe8634702\" data-image-id=\"220bf51f-a42b-4d12-bf03-93afe8634702\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>La última pero no menos importante pestaña es <strong>General</strong>. Aquí se encuentran las configuraciones generales del cálculo.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"3cac0f63-8f88-4579-8c43-4f9cee0d9096\" data-image-id=\"3cac0f63-8f88-4579-8c43-4f9cee0d9096\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/a371afd8-8db8-48b9-9b7c-d20616f93538/RC-B_06_44.png\" data-asset-id=\"3cac0f63-8f88-4579-8c43-4f9cee0d9096\" data-image-id=\"3cac0f63-8f88-4579-8c43-4f9cee0d9096\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Repasémoslas: </p>\n<p>G.1 - Valor límite de explotación - El valor máximo de la utilización de la sección transversal no tiene que ser del 100%. Puede cambiarlo usando esta configuración.</p>\n<p>G.2 - Valor máximo presentable - Aquí puede cambiar el valor máximo de la utilización.</p>\n<p>G.3 y G.4 - Precisión de iteración y Número de pasos de iteración - También puede influir en el proceso de iteración. Puede ayudar con la velocidad del cálculo.</p>\n<p>G.5 - Evaluación del diagrama de iteración - Se describe en el siguiente artículo en el capítulo Capacidad N-M-M: <a data-item-id=\"c8bad084-6363-4e07-87ac-c53a30fc1983\" href=\"\">Resultados ELU en RCS</a></p>\n<p>G.6 - Número de diagramas - Número de secciones verticales a través de la superficie de interacción alrededor de los ejes verticales. Si aumenta el número, puede aumentar la precisión del diagrama de interacción. Lea más en el siguiente artículo: <a data-item-id=\"fa1ccbb4-2aaf-4470-872c-01deea75f006\" href=\"\">Flexión</a></p>\n<p>G.7 - División del diagrama de interacción - De nuevo, si aumenta el número, puede aumentar la precisión del diagrama de interacción.</p>\n<p>G.8 - Resistencia vestigial - Es válido solo para secciones transversales pretensadas. Si está <strong>DESACTIVADO</strong> - El lado izquierdo de la condición de fiabilidad contiene solo la carga externa. El lado derecho es la resistencia, que consiste en los efectos primarios resultantes de la fuerza de pretensado de descompresión y el efecto de la resistencia vestigial de la armadura de pretensado. Si está <strong>ACTIVADO</strong> - Se muestra una tabla adicional, en la que el lado izquierdo de la condición de fiabilidad contiene la carga externa menos el efecto primario resultante de la fuerza de pretensado de descompresión. El lado derecho es la resistencia, que consiste únicamente en el efecto de la resistencia vestigial de la armadura de pretensado.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"9d27f3ed-e2b9-4bed-bbe1-fc5a52ecd4a6\" data-image-id=\"9d27f3ed-e2b9-4bed-bbe1-fc5a52ecd4a6\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/25c12fc0-340e-456a-8aa6-a68620a82f46/RC-B_06_41.png\" data-asset-id=\"9d27f3ed-e2b9-4bed-bbe1-fc5a52ecd4a6\" data-image-id=\"9d27f3ed-e2b9-4bed-bbe1-fc5a52ecd4a6\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>G.9 - No excluir tendones - Si está activado, los tendones que están fuera de la sección transversal se incluirán en el cálculo.</p>\n<p>G.10 - Usar un modelo simplificado - Puede usar esta opción para acelerar su cálculo.</p>\n<p>G.12 - Dirección de imperfección - El efecto se describe en el siguiente artículo: <a data-item-id=\"17353810-3c1d-4db4-bc6d-ad9e2c9a7126\" href=\"\">Efecto de segundo orden en la aplicación RCS</a></p>\n<p>G.14 - Sin resistencia del hormigón a tracción - elementos 1D</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Siempre - La suposición de que el hormigón no resiste tracción se aplicará en todas las verificaciones ELS para todas las combinaciones de todas las secciones y sus extremos.</li>\n <li>Sección - En el caso de que el valor de cálculo superior o inferior de las fuerzas internas de una de las combinaciones ELS cause una tensión en el hormigón superior a la resistencia a tracción del hormigón, la suposición de que el hormigón no resiste tracción se aplicará en todas las verificaciones ELS para todos los extremos de la sección actual. Las suposiciones para las verificaciones ELS en combinaciones de otras secciones no se verán afectadas.</li>\n <li>Extremo - En el caso de que el valor de cálculo superior o inferior de las fuerzas internas de una de las combinaciones ELS cause una tensión en el hormigón superior a la resistencia a tracción del hormigón, la suposición de que el hormigón no resiste tracción se aplicará en todas las verificaciones ELS solo para el extremo actual. Las suposiciones para las verificaciones ELS en otros extremos de la sección actual no se verán afectadas.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>G.15 - Sin resistencia del hormigón a tracción - elementos 2D - ACTIVADO: la tracción en el hormigón para las verificaciones ELS se desprecia. DESACTIVADO: el cálculo se realiza según la normativa.</p>\n<p>G.16 - Tipo de módulo - Puede seleccionar el tipo de módulo de elasticidad utilizado para las verificaciones ELS a largo plazo</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Secante Ecm</li>\n <li>Tangente Ec = 1,05*Ecm</li>\n</ul>\n<p>G.17 - Ignorar redistribución de momentos</p>\n<p>G.18 - Tipo de cálculo ELS - Con esta configuración, puede calcular solo verificaciones a largo plazo o a corto plazo para ELS</p>\n<p>G19 - Mostrar Mr para el diagrama ELS M-N-κ</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"take_idea_statica_24_0_for_a_test_drive_today\"></object>"
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"value": "<p>Hay varias opciones para la configuración de la armadura de una sección transversal 1D:</p>\n<ul>\n <li><strong>Plantillas</strong></li>\n <li><strong>Importar</strong></li>\n <li><strong>Editor de armadura</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Para obtener información sobre la configuración de la armadura para elementos 2D, consulte el artículo <a data-item-id=\"ec27c0e7-ec98-41d1-9e7d-81a2ad088f42\" href=\"\">Armadura para elementos 2D</a><strong> </strong>.</p>\n<p>Ahora, veamos las opciones:</p>\n<h2>Plantillas</h2>\n<p>Al igual que para la geometría, la aplicación RCS ofrece plantillas predefinidas para la armadura. Esta opción solo está disponible para secciones transversales creadas mediante plantillas predefinidas. </p>\n<h3>Configuración de una plantilla</h3>\n<p>Para configurar la armadura, vaya a <strong>Navegador</strong> <strong>-> Armadura</strong> y seleccione una plantilla preferida en la cinta superior. Aparecerá la tabla de disposición, así que simplemente rellene los valores y haga clic en Aceptar.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"eda8a3cd-2f2c-450e-ade6-92946cd6100a\" data-image-id=\"eda8a3cd-2f2c-450e-ade6-92946cd6100a\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/3a17bb40-ef0d-4168-ba1a-90b01a1556c4/RC-B_05_04.png\" data-asset-id=\"eda8a3cd-2f2c-450e-ade6-92946cd6100a\" data-image-id=\"eda8a3cd-2f2c-450e-ade6-92946cd6100a\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Después de eso, verá las tablas de barras de armadura y capas de armadura en la ventana de Datos. Trabajando con las tablas, puede ajustar propiedades como el diámetro, el número de capas, si la armadura está doblada en ángulo y el tipo de armadura (esta funcionalidad está destinada al cálculo de <a data-item-id=\"5bc035cd-2680-4beb-ace8-094d3b3fb73d\" href=\"\">Fatiga</a>).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"5175380d-2b70-46b5-96c1-3cb285e69d59\" data-image-id=\"5175380d-2b70-46b5-96c1-3cb285e69d59\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/6b30b28d-b917-4aeb-bf7f-1e6b97d5bea5/RC-B_05_05.png\" data-asset-id=\"5175380d-2b70-46b5-96c1-3cb285e69d59\" data-image-id=\"5175380d-2b70-46b5-96c1-3cb285e69d59\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>El diámetro y el material de la armadura se pueden establecer individualmente para cada barra. En caso de tener el mismo diámetro o material para un grupo de barras, puede marcar las casillas Idéntico y ahorrar tiempo configurando las propiedades de las barras una por una.</p>\n<h3>Modificación de estribos</h3>\n<p>Haga clic en el estribo en la ventana gráfica principal. El estribo seleccionado se resalta y puede ver una tabla con propiedades en la ventana de Datos. Aquí puede establecer el diámetro, el material, el espaciado y otros ajustes según el tipo de estribo. </p>\n<p>Las casillas de verificación <strong>Cortante</strong> y <strong>Torsión</strong> en el centro de la tabla son una parte importante de esta sección. Seleccione las opciones correspondientes para elegir el tipo de verificación normativa del estribo.</p>\n<p>Más información sobre las verificaciones de cortante y torsión, así como otros tipos de verificaciones, con una descripción detallada, se puede encontrar en el <a data-item-id=\"c8bad084-6363-4e07-87ac-c53a30fc1983\" href=\"\">artículo Resultados ELU en RCS - Capacidad N-M-M, Cortante, Torsión, Interacción, Respuesta N-M-M</a>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"27490870-9ff5-4fb1-9244-74bcd6b8551c\" data-image-id=\"27490870-9ff5-4fb1-9244-74bcd6b8551c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/480b1c4f-03f2-4d32-91d8-d3ec0ac74723/RC-B_05_09.png\" data-asset-id=\"27490870-9ff5-4fb1-9244-74bcd6b8551c\" data-image-id=\"27490870-9ff5-4fb1-9244-74bcd6b8551c\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>La <strong>forma de los estribos</strong> se puede mostrar en la ventana gráfica principal utilizando el botón del mismo nombre en la cinta superior en la sección de configuración de Vista.</p>\n<p>El recubrimiento de hormigón se puede establecer utilizando el botón <strong>Recubrimiento</strong> en la cinta superior. Se puede establecer para cada borde de la sección transversal por separado. Es decir, cada borde puede tener un valor diferente de recubrimiento de hormigón.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"1e2c0c9c-1db7-4805-b77d-a4dbac3d9d4c\" data-image-id=\"1e2c0c9c-1db7-4805-b77d-a4dbac3d9d4c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/0849e5fe-8edb-49c9-95d4-524a5fa01b98/RC-B_05_06.png\" data-asset-id=\"1e2c0c9c-1db7-4805-b77d-a4dbac3d9d4c\" data-image-id=\"1e2c0c9c-1db7-4805-b77d-a4dbac3d9d4c\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>La armadura se puede eliminar utilizando el botón <strong>Eliminar</strong> en la cinta superior. Puede eliminar solo la armadura seleccionada o toda la disposición.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"42890c61-3785-417e-91d4-b6473a24d90f\" data-image-id=\"42890c61-3785-417e-91d4-b6473a24d90f\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/c8c39219-190d-4759-9980-0f5a4a7b9ee9/RC-B_05_07.png\" data-asset-id=\"42890c61-3785-417e-91d4-b6473a24d90f\" data-image-id=\"42890c61-3785-417e-91d4-b6473a24d90f\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Importar</h2>\n<p>Para importar un archivo que contenga armadura, haga clic en el botón <strong>Importar</strong> en la cinta superior y elija lo que desea importar. <strong>Exportar</strong> (usando el botón justo al lado del de Importar) funciona exactamente de la misma manera. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"99e81882-5ee2-4e71-a45d-d07bebd70dc4\" data-image-id=\"99e81882-5ee2-4e71-a45d-d07bebd70dc4\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/f5a21a9a-466b-485b-a6cc-62fde4782db4/RC-B_05_08.png\" data-asset-id=\"99e81882-5ee2-4e71-a45d-d07bebd70dc4\" data-image-id=\"99e81882-5ee2-4e71-a45d-d07bebd70dc4\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Puede exportar/importar la <strong>geometría</strong>, la <strong>armadura</strong> y los <strong>tendones </strong>de la sección transversal por separado. O existe la opción de exportar/importar todo a la vez. </p>\n<h2>Editor de armadura</h2>\n<p>El editor de armadura puede ser muy útil. Es una herramienta que le proporciona muchas posibilidades de cómo armar una sección transversal en la aplicación RCS. Para iniciar el editor, haga clic en el botón <strong>Editor de armadura</strong> en la cinta superior.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"10b601cf-8fa2-4528-99ea-1ea59457163c\" data-image-id=\"10b601cf-8fa2-4528-99ea-1ea59457163c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/1db5e729-fb97-483e-b31c-ecd263371c80/RC-B_05_10.png\" data-asset-id=\"10b601cf-8fa2-4528-99ea-1ea59457163c\" data-image-id=\"10b601cf-8fa2-4528-99ea-1ea59457163c\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Aparecerá una ventana separada. En el editor, puede, entre otras cosas, definir la armadura mediante <strong>plantillas</strong> tal como se mostró anteriormente. O puede <strong>Importar/Exportar</strong> la armadura. Lo mismo se aplica a la <strong>eliminación</strong>. Todos los botones necesarios para las operaciones mencionadas están en la cinta superior.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"19237ca1-19ab-42ce-a624-f16c055398e8\" data-image-id=\"19237ca1-19ab-42ce-a624-f16c055398e8\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/1b4b792c-93f0-4124-9e93-b50af1483c29/RC-B_05_19.png\" data-asset-id=\"19237ca1-19ab-42ce-a624-f16c055398e8\" data-image-id=\"19237ca1-19ab-42ce-a624-f16c055398e8\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Una de las mayores ventajas del editor es la posibilidad de usar los botones <strong>Deshacer</strong> y <strong>Rehacer</strong>. Esto no se puede hacer en la ventana general de RCS.</p>\n<p>¡Pero eso no es todo! Veamos qué más se puede hacer en el editor, opción por opción.</p>\n<h3>Armadura longitudinal</h3>\n<p>Comenzaremos con la definición de las barras longitudinales. Puede encontrarla en la ventana de Datos bajo la pestaña <strong>Armadura longitudinal</strong>. Hay cinco opciones posibles disponibles para definir la armadura.</p>\n<ul>\n <li><strong>Nueva en línea</strong></li>\n <li><strong>Nueva en borde</strong></li>\n <li><strong>Nueva por espaciado</strong></li>\n <li><strong>Nueva en todos los bordes</strong></li>\n <li><strong>Importar capas</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"fe8fe2f6-3f46-485b-a739-295932e66352\" data-image-id=\"fe8fe2f6-3f46-485b-a739-295932e66352\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/6d38bfe9-1f35-47e4-89ce-bc784705c67e/RC-B_05_11.png\" data-asset-id=\"fe8fe2f6-3f46-485b-a739-295932e66352\" data-image-id=\"fe8fe2f6-3f46-485b-a739-295932e66352\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h4>Nueva en línea</h4>\n<p>La opción <strong>Nueva en línea</strong> define la armadura <strong>basándose en coordenadas</strong>. Debe definir el origen de la posición de la primera barra y la posición de la última barra, que puede ser el Punto (0,0) o uno de los vértices. Y luego, debe definir las coordenadas delta de estos dos puntos.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"e2fcf908-d582-4576-bc17-cce0e9cb55cc\" data-image-id=\"e2fcf908-d582-4576-bc17-cce0e9cb55cc\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/f8730b1e-76c3-48a3-a926-c9bfff5ea4eb/RC-B_05_12.png\" data-asset-id=\"e2fcf908-d582-4576-bc17-cce0e9cb55cc\" data-image-id=\"e2fcf908-d582-4576-bc17-cce0e9cb55cc\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>En la pestaña Barras de la capa correspondiente, puede mostrar la posición de cada barra. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"0b3d189d-9794-4716-9409-6a08129db43c\" data-image-id=\"0b3d189d-9794-4716-9409-6a08129db43c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/3d0d1889-a09e-411b-9f34-b24060b9d224/RC-B_05_13.png\" data-asset-id=\"0b3d189d-9794-4716-9409-6a08129db43c\" data-image-id=\"0b3d189d-9794-4716-9409-6a08129db43c\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h4>Nueva en borde</h4>\n<p>La opción <strong>Nueva en borde</strong> define la armadura <strong>basándose en el número de borde y el recubrimiento</strong>. El recubrimiento puede ser el definido en la sección transversal o definido por el usuario. No olvide activar el etiquetado de los bordes de la sección transversal en la cinta superior.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"5789bdd5-eb53-4b18-9b05-ef47756ca340\" data-image-id=\"5789bdd5-eb53-4b18-9b05-ef47756ca340\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/e7bafbd4-6caf-4a3a-a7d3-985339129900/RC-B_05_14.png\" data-asset-id=\"5789bdd5-eb53-4b18-9b05-ef47756ca340\" data-image-id=\"5789bdd5-eb53-4b18-9b05-ef47756ca340\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h4>Nueva por espaciado</h4>\n<p>La opción <strong>Nueva por espaciado</strong> define la armadura <strong>basándose en la distancia y el recubrimiento</strong>. El número de barras en la capa se calcula automáticamente. Esta opción solo está disponible para tableros 1D -> para el tipo de elemento Viga solo con sección transversal rectangular y para el tipo de elemento Losa unidireccional.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"61b10a11-1843-4b06-99be-c527642bb2aa\" data-image-id=\"61b10a11-1843-4b06-99be-c527642bb2aa\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/26b28a43-80d6-471e-84bc-8115fa7146d9/RC-B_05_15.png\" data-asset-id=\"61b10a11-1843-4b06-99be-c527642bb2aa\" data-image-id=\"61b10a11-1843-4b06-99be-c527642bb2aa\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Tenga en cuenta que el número de barras no tiene que ser un número entero. También puede definir la superficie a cubrir: inferior o superior, y la especificación de la barra de borde: simétricamente, diámetro/2 o definida por el usuario.</p>\n<h4>Nueva en todos los bordes</h4>\n<p>La opción <strong>Nueva en todos los bordes</strong> define la armadura <strong>basándose en la distancia y el recubrimiento</strong>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"5e829d1a-d827-4fd3-b3e7-6be3216c359e\" data-image-id=\"5e829d1a-d827-4fd3-b3e7-6be3216c359e\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/e58c29f7-a2ed-4c62-861c-31d88f66ef09/RC-B_05_16.png\" data-asset-id=\"5e829d1a-d827-4fd3-b3e7-6be3216c359e\" data-image-id=\"5e829d1a-d827-4fd3-b3e7-6be3216c359e\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Una vez que introduzca la armadura de esta manera, la aplicación creará capas uniformes o barras individuales alrededor de la sección transversal automáticamente.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c72ef944-4bb8-4857-81a0-126d231f64ee\" data-image-id=\"c72ef944-4bb8-4857-81a0-126d231f64ee\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/fd04282b-72f5-4ec6-abb8-d5b836b06689/RC-B_05_17.png\" data-asset-id=\"c72ef944-4bb8-4857-81a0-126d231f64ee\" data-image-id=\"c72ef944-4bb8-4857-81a0-126d231f64ee\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h4>Explorar capa</h4>\n<p>Todas las funcionalidades de introducción anteriores crean una capa o fila de barras de armadura. Para cambiar la posición o el diámetro de una barra individual, puede explotar la capa y realizar las modificaciones solo para el elemento seleccionado.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"8180e4d2-ff9a-431d-b474-bee4d231d35a\" data-image-id=\"8180e4d2-ff9a-431d-b474-bee4d231d35a\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/5cb9a599-ecd4-4b62-953f-631b52760b4f/RC-B_05_18.png\" data-asset-id=\"8180e4d2-ff9a-431d-b474-bee4d231d35a\" data-image-id=\"8180e4d2-ff9a-431d-b474-bee4d231d35a\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h4>Importar capas</h4>\n<p>Esta es la misma funcionalidad de importación que se describió anteriormente. La única diferencia es que mediante este botón solo se importará la armadura longitudinal.</p>\n<h4>Barras dobladas en ángulo</h4>\n<p>Puede seleccionar qué barra estará doblada en ángulo en la pestaña Barras. Esto se puede hacer para todos los tipos de armadura. Y también, como se describió anteriormente, puede seleccionar barras individuales para doblarlas en ángulo en la ventana general de RCS.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"6a0b1c73-2008-4710-bd6d-486f3eb21871\" data-image-id=\"6a0b1c73-2008-4710-bd6d-486f3eb21871\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/9718719d-715b-4618-b007-13aff56c56de/RC-B_05_30.png\" data-asset-id=\"6a0b1c73-2008-4710-bd6d-486f3eb21871\" data-image-id=\"6a0b1c73-2008-4710-bd6d-486f3eb21871\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Es necesario establecer correctamente los valores de <em>s</em><em><sub>b</sub></em> y <em>α</em>. La distancia s<sub>b</sub> se define como la proyección de la parte inclinada en la dirección del eje de la viga (o más bien la longitud efectiva de la barra doblada en ángulo). Para más capas de barras dobladas en ángulo, la distancia s<sub>b</sub> se define como la distancia horizontal entre ellas. Tras esta entrada, se realiza la detección automática de las barras efectivas en una proyección de la fisura al eje perpendicular a la geometría de las barras dobladas en ángulo (línea azul de trazos y puntos).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"5fbb8b0c-5fd4-4737-bd0d-b5ccc74ac48d\" data-image-id=\"5fbb8b0c-5fd4-4737-bd0d-b5ccc74ac48d\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/52f4f5a7-c555-4dbb-ae6b-f9f2a4b4cb5f/8_jednavlozka.png\" data-asset-id=\"5fbb8b0c-5fd4-4737-bd0d-b5ccc74ac48d\" data-image-id=\"5fbb8b0c-5fd4-4737-bd0d-b5ccc74ac48d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"a3c3a038-4376-490e-b3c6-8c35724288f0\" data-image-id=\"a3c3a038-4376-490e-b3c6-8c35724288f0\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/60f5e747-db26-4a24-b793-53f2c482c065/8_effectivebars.png\" data-asset-id=\"a3c3a038-4376-490e-b3c6-8c35724288f0\" data-image-id=\"a3c3a038-4376-490e-b3c6-8c35724288f0\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>La resistencia a cortante de las barras dobladas en ángulo se define mediante la siguiente ecuación. Si utilizamos una distancia desigual entre las capas de barras dobladas en ángulo, la distancia sb se promedia y se utiliza en la misma ecuación.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"d4f1408b-a259-4383-ab87-5256d4668d68\" data-image-id=\"d4f1408b-a259-4383-ab87-5256d4668d68\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/6549e326-8ee8-4714-a84c-f3198697f7de/8_formula.png\" data-asset-id=\"d4f1408b-a259-4383-ab87-5256d4668d68\" data-image-id=\"d4f1408b-a259-4383-ab87-5256d4668d68\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Para considerar una menor efectividad de las barras dobladas en ángulo en zonas de menor anchura de fisura, existe la opción de utilizar la reducción mediante el factor kb. El valor recomendado es 0,75 (generalmente <1).</p>\n<p>También debemos verificar la distancia máxima entre barras dobladas en ángulo según la normativa.</p>\n<p>s<sub>b,max</sub> = 0,6 d (1 + cot α) (9.7N)</p>\n<h3>Estribos</h3>\n<p>Para definir los estribos, vaya a la ventana de Datos -> pestaña Estribos. Hay cuatro opciones posibles disponibles para definir los estribos.</p>\n<ul>\n <li><strong>Nuevo</strong></li>\n <li><strong>Nuevo alrededor de barras</strong></li>\n <li><strong>Nuevo desde puntos</strong></li>\n <li><strong>Importar</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"a18497eb-8bf3-40ed-bd30-14311dbda821\" data-image-id=\"a18497eb-8bf3-40ed-bd30-14311dbda821\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/76f89dd0-4283-4dd0-a575-48af3b280b06/RC-B_05_20.png\" data-asset-id=\"a18497eb-8bf3-40ed-bd30-14311dbda821\" data-image-id=\"a18497eb-8bf3-40ed-bd30-14311dbda821\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h4>Nuevo</h4>\n<p>La opción <strong>Nuevo </strong>define los estribos <strong>basándose en coordenadas</strong>. Primero, debe definir el origen como un Punto (0,0) o como uno de los vértices en la pestaña Estribo. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"fabac534-bb8f-446e-970a-6c42b24c313b\" data-image-id=\"fabac534-bb8f-446e-970a-6c42b24c313b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/2b7f2bd1-1f44-43df-9852-b06de49708ff/RC-B_05_21.png\" data-asset-id=\"fabac534-bb8f-446e-970a-6c42b24c313b\" data-image-id=\"fabac534-bb8f-446e-970a-6c42b24c313b\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Y luego debe definir las coordenadas en la pestaña de vértices.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"9bba73e8-83a7-4462-b878-25896535607e\" data-image-id=\"9bba73e8-83a7-4462-b878-25896535607e\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/11272b81-2c88-464e-9e36-4454e9a7ff6a/RC-B_05_22.png\" data-asset-id=\"9bba73e8-83a7-4462-b878-25896535607e\" data-image-id=\"9bba73e8-83a7-4462-b878-25896535607e\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Finalmente, puede volver a la pestaña de estribo y marcar cerrado si es necesario. O cambiar el diámetro interior del mandril <em>n</em><em><sub>dm</sub></em> que se define como un múltiplo del diámetro del estribo.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"41c177aa-0bdf-4564-bab0-85752f9c163d\" data-image-id=\"41c177aa-0bdf-4564-bab0-85752f9c163d\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/806458f4-956d-46c9-93f0-9f01c389689e/RC-B_05_24.png\" data-asset-id=\"41c177aa-0bdf-4564-bab0-85752f9c163d\" data-image-id=\"41c177aa-0bdf-4564-bab0-85752f9c163d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h4>Nuevo alrededor de barras</h4>\n<p>La opción <strong>Nuevo alrededor de barras </strong>define los estribos <strong>basándose en la posición de las barras de armadura</strong>. Haga clic en el botón, establezca el diámetro y la distancia y haga clic en Iniciar selección de barras con el ratón.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"6b2847cb-e03e-43d7-ad15-3b37d8bbc0ab\" data-image-id=\"6b2847cb-e03e-43d7-ad15-3b37d8bbc0ab\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/673f6fd9-6b3e-40e5-ae20-ee00f4a33566/RC-B_05_25.png\" data-asset-id=\"6b2847cb-e03e-43d7-ad15-3b37d8bbc0ab\" data-image-id=\"6b2847cb-e03e-43d7-ad15-3b37d8bbc0ab\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Luego seleccione las barras gradualmente. Puede usar el botón de paso atrás o finalizar la selección sin cerrar los estribos.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"1f2bbfb1-8537-47dd-ba15-452549e228c4\" data-image-id=\"1f2bbfb1-8537-47dd-ba15-452549e228c4\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/674d18f5-52c3-4482-804d-179c37fe1339/RC-B_05_26.png\" data-asset-id=\"1f2bbfb1-8537-47dd-ba15-452549e228c4\" data-image-id=\"1f2bbfb1-8537-47dd-ba15-452549e228c4\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h4>Nuevo desde puntos</h4>\n<p>La opción <strong>Nuevo desde puntos </strong>define los estribos <strong>basándose en los vértices de la sección transversal</strong>. Haga clic en el botón, establezca el diámetro y la distancia y haga clic en Iniciar selección de puntos.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"3a280adb-7220-40b2-94e9-911c38e3f0a7\" data-image-id=\"3a280adb-7220-40b2-94e9-911c38e3f0a7\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/f16da87f-a802-468a-9861-b7e45925a04b/RC-B_05_27.png\" data-asset-id=\"3a280adb-7220-40b2-94e9-911c38e3f0a7\" data-image-id=\"3a280adb-7220-40b2-94e9-911c38e3f0a7\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Luego seleccione los puntos gradualmente. Puede usar el botón de paso atrás o finalizar la selección sin cerrar los estribos.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"fdaab78f-a03e-4f12-8c36-fd7104f550f9\" data-image-id=\"fdaab78f-a03e-4f12-8c36-fd7104f550f9\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/31ec0b49-78e6-4d74-b8d5-16dfdc2f544c/RC-B_05_28.png\" data-asset-id=\"fdaab78f-a03e-4f12-8c36-fd7104f550f9\" data-image-id=\"fdaab78f-a03e-4f12-8c36-fd7104f550f9\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h4>Explotar estribo</h4>\n<p>Con esta funcionalidad, puede convertir un estribo creado desde puntos o alrededor de barras al general definido por coordenadas. El estribo convertido será igual al estribo creado con la opción Nuevo.</p>\n<h4>Importar</h4>\n<p>Esta es la misma funcionalidad de importación que se describió anteriormente. La única diferencia es que mediante este botón solo se importarán los estribos.</p>\n<h4>Conectores</h4>\n<p>Para losas unidireccionales y para elementos 2D, puede definir conectores. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"170698d8-2729-4148-a4c6-e4109b9ced1b\" data-image-id=\"170698d8-2729-4148-a4c6-e4109b9ced1b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/c2899a1e-5fc4-4500-9153-f2ce3f4a9074/RC-B_05_29.png\" data-asset-id=\"170698d8-2729-4148-a4c6-e4109b9ced1b\" data-image-id=\"170698d8-2729-4148-a4c6-e4109b9ced1b\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h3>Cálculo</h3>\n<p>En el editor de armadura, los usuarios suelen iterar de versión en versión del diseño de la armadura. Una función útil es calcular la sección transversal directamente en el editor. Hay un botón de calcular en la cinta superior. Tras el cálculo, verá el estado general de verificación de la sección transversal armada. Y también estarán disponibles todas las no conformidades relevantes.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"7a3abb36-eddc-48d1-9778-4cb734657de3\" data-image-id=\"7a3abb36-eddc-48d1-9778-4cb734657de3\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/026c4775-fb00-4861-a7a9-1e5bfe23ca5b/RC-B_05_31.png\" data-asset-id=\"7a3abb36-eddc-48d1-9778-4cb734657de3\" data-image-id=\"7a3abb36-eddc-48d1-9778-4cb734657de3\" alt=\"\"></figure>"
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"value": "<p>Hay dos casos posibles para la introducción de fuerzas internas. Empecemos con el más sencillo: la sección armada y, después, lo explicaremos para la sección transversal por etapas y pretensada.</p>\n<h3>Sección transversal armada</h3>\n<p>La introducción para secciones armadas es fácil de entender. Simplemente rellene los valores de <strong>cálculo</strong> de las fuerzas internas (los coeficientes parciales están incluidos) en la sección y el extremo correspondientes.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"2e08eff6-af36-4b3a-a110-77dec42a7cb6\" data-image-id=\"2e08eff6-af36-4b3a-a110-77dec42a7cb6\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/bfa06090-7e4a-4ef0-9d60-6358c5bf77f5/6_reinforced%20concrete.png\" data-asset-id=\"2e08eff6-af36-4b3a-a110-77dec42a7cb6\" data-image-id=\"2e08eff6-af36-4b3a-a110-77dec42a7cb6\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Los proyectos complejos requieren muchas secciones y extremos. Para datos tan voluminosos, es útil utilizar la introducción en tabla en el menú Sección. Comience creando el número deseado de extremos y, a continuación, ejecute el editor de tablas y aparecerá un cuadro de diálogo como el de la siguiente imagen. Los valores de ELU y ELS de las fuerzas internas se pueden introducir en un mismo lugar.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"610256fd-ac57-47f5-a102-8fe5e0d07f51\" data-image-id=\"610256fd-ac57-47f5-a102-8fe5e0d07f51\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/968d33f1-0c00-4893-9b66-b5a9ce4a2aa2/6_reinforced%20concrete%20editor.png\" data-asset-id=\"610256fd-ac57-47f5-a102-8fe5e0d07f51\" data-image-id=\"610256fd-ac57-47f5-a102-8fe5e0d07f51\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h3>Secciones transversales por etapas o pretensadas</h3>\n<p>Para realizar una introducción correcta, debemos comenzar en la pestaña Etapas de acción. La primera tabla es para la introducción de los <strong>incrementos</strong> de los efectos (fuerzas internas) a partir de los valores <strong>característicos</strong> de las cargas permanentes, y se utilizan para el denominado estado inicial de la sección transversal para los cálculos de ELU, ELS y pérdidas en los tendones.</p>\n<p>Lea un artículo detallado que describe todos los métodos y opciones para rellenar las Etapas de acción, incluida una descripción más detallada del Estado inicial.</p>\n<ul>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"6c03cee7-a595-491a-b4f6-131085dd26b1\" href=\"\">RCS - Etapas de acción</a></li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"eda27df8-70f3-43ca-827a-65b9be293c66\" data-image-id=\"eda27df8-70f3-43ca-827a-65b9be293c66\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/3e71e636-14db-4aef-b09f-6a270e085c0d/6_construction%20stages.png\" data-asset-id=\"eda27df8-70f3-43ca-827a-65b9be293c66\" data-image-id=\"eda27df8-70f3-43ca-827a-65b9be293c66\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>A continuación, cambiaremos a la pestaña Fuerzas internas y transferiremos las fuerzas internas del paso anterior al estado inicial haciendo clic en el icono <strong>Todas</strong>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b1e64234-338b-46e5-9b7f-1be610d367f1\" data-image-id=\"b1e64234-338b-46e5-9b7f-1be610d367f1\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/9a952518-c929-4239-9851-8de895411ad6/6_internal%20forces.png\" data-asset-id=\"b1e64234-338b-46e5-9b7f-1be610d367f1\" data-image-id=\"b1e64234-338b-46e5-9b7f-1be610d367f1\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Este paso transfiere todos los efectos permanentes y de pretensado, y los multiplica automáticamente por el coeficiente parcial gamma correspondiente para obtener los valores de <strong>cálculo</strong>.</p>\n<p>Lo único que queda es introducir la carga <strong>variable</strong> ya en valores de <strong>cálculo</strong> y habremos terminado.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"take_idea_statica_24_0_for_a_test_drive_today\"></object>"
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"value": "<p>En la pestaña Etapas de acción, el objetivo es definir el <strong>estado tensión-deformación inicial</strong> de la sección transversal. Este es el estado tensional de la sección transversal a partir de cargas permanentes, pretensado, fluencia y retracción en las etapas individuales de construcción. Los datos de entrada se obtienen del modelo FEA de cálculo global. La respuesta de la sección transversal en ELS y ELU se calcula entonces mediante la aplicación de cargas adicionales (carga variable, etc.) sobre la sección transversal desde este estado inicial, respetando los diagramas de trabajo de los materiales. En la pestaña Etapas de acción se puede definir el estado inicial de una sección transversal general, incluidas las secciones transversales por fases (compuestas), lo que hace que el método sea general. Si está interesado en las secciones transversales compuestas, se recomienda consultar el tutorial: <a data-item-id=\"45f41f1d-4934-4083-aef1-bc69cd11b1fc\" href=\"\">Diseño estructural de sección de hormigón compuesta en RCS (EN)</a>.</p>\n<p>A efectos de este artículo, las etapas de acción se explicarán sobre una viga simple con un cable de pretensado. </p>\n<p>Habrá el momento flector de carga permanente <em>M</em><em><sub>dl</sub></em>, un momento flector de carga variable <em>M</em><em><sub>ll</sub></em>, y un momento flector de pretensado <em>M</em><em><sub>p</sub></em>. Además, habrá una fuerza normal de pretensado <em>N</em><em><sub>p</sub></em>. La viga y las fuerzas internas se explican en la figura siguiente.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"8c87f10a-2695-466a-8a07-abc27954d21b\" data-image-id=\"8c87f10a-2695-466a-8a07-abc27954d21b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/5387f3a7-a75f-4db8-b6f9-ad9a2e3ad8fb/Action%20stages_01.png\" data-asset-id=\"8c87f10a-2695-466a-8a07-abc27954d21b\" data-image-id=\"8c87f10a-2695-466a-8a07-abc27954d21b\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Se puede observar que <em>M</em><em><sub>dl</sub></em><em> + M</em><em><sub>p</sub></em><em> = 0 kNm. </em>Esto se debe simplemente a que los resultados serán mucho más claros. Será más fácil de entender. Las fuerzas internas mostradas <em>N</em><em><sub>p</sub></em> y <em>M</em><em><sub>p</sub></em> son después de las pérdidas a largo plazo.</p>\n<p>Las fuerzas internas debidas a la fluencia y la retracción también son valores nulos en nuestro caso simple.</p>\n<p>La sección transversal S1 se muestra en la figura siguiente.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"e7023aeb-bb50-4998-9078-d0d720df7b4b\" data-image-id=\"e7023aeb-bb50-4998-9078-d0d720df7b4b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/54edc27d-a508-485a-8cda-ce84c3fceb85/Action%20stages_02.png\" data-asset-id=\"e7023aeb-bb50-4998-9078-d0d720df7b4b\" data-image-id=\"e7023aeb-bb50-4998-9078-d0d720df7b4b\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>El archivo RCS está creado y también adjunto. </p>\n<p>En primer lugar, las etapas de construcción se pueden definir en Elemento de diseño -> Etapas de construcción. El tiempo de las fases y la aplicación del pretensado se pueden asignar a cada etapa individual. También se pueden añadir nuevas etapas.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"170c4b64-e738-42d6-95bf-8bb9bd02c605\" data-image-id=\"170c4b64-e738-42d6-95bf-8bb9bd02c605\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/8d7ce6d5-ccba-4c71-8de5-d57e13e5cba6/Action%20stages_03.png\" data-asset-id=\"170c4b64-e738-42d6-95bf-8bb9bd02c605\" data-image-id=\"170c4b64-e738-42d6-95bf-8bb9bd02c605\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Especificar el tiempo para cada extremo de carga define en qué momentos (etapas de construcción) se realizarán las verificaciones de diseño.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"dedbcc07-3fcb-4f37-8904-d8b17cb5cfc2\" data-image-id=\"dedbcc07-3fcb-4f37-8904-d8b17cb5cfc2\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/9b790018-67aa-4616-8697-38722ad6429b/Action%20stages_12.png\" data-asset-id=\"dedbcc07-3fcb-4f37-8904-d8b17cb5cfc2\" data-image-id=\"dedbcc07-3fcb-4f37-8904-d8b17cb5cfc2\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Estado inicial</h2>\n<p>Existen dos posibilidades para la determinación del estado inicial en las etapas de acción:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Calcular</li>\n <li>Entrada de usuario / Importar</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Como se ha indicado, el estado inicial se define como el efecto total de todas las cargas permanentes (carga muerta), fluencia, retracción y pretensado en valores característicos.</p>\n<p>La explicación adicional se realizará únicamente para la segunda etapa 18250d.</p>\n<p>Lea más sobre el estado inicial para secciones transversales compuestas en <a data-item-id=\"d6f6fbca-f69a-4141-b9b9-5da07aa119a0\" href=\"\">Diseño de sección transversal compuesta pretensada en RCS</a></p>\n<h3>Calcular</h3>\n<p>Los incrementos de las cargas permanentes (suma de cargas muertas, fluencia y retracción) deben introducirse en la tabla. Los efectos del pretensado no se introducen aquí, se definen en la tabla siguiente y se incluyen automáticamente. Tenga en cuenta que para la etapa de construcción específica, <strong>solo los incrementos</strong> se introducen en cada fila de la tabla.</p>\n<p>Para nuestro ejemplo, <em>N=0 kN</em> y <em>M = M</em><em><sub>dl</sub></em><em> = 222,8 kNm</em> se introducen para la etapa t=28d.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"5c511fac-4889-4536-80e2-199690fb87d1\" data-image-id=\"5c511fac-4889-4536-80e2-199690fb87d1\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/7a806692-c389-446a-84af-d9ec6441f10e/Action%20stages_08.png\" data-asset-id=\"5c511fac-4889-4536-80e2-199690fb87d1\" data-image-id=\"5c511fac-4889-4536-80e2-199690fb87d1\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>El inconveniente de este método es que se debe definir todo el historial de carga de la sección transversal para obtener los valores de la última etapa. </p>\n<h3>Entrada de usuario / Importar</h3>\n<p>La suma de las <strong>cargas muertas, fluencia, retracción y pretensado</strong> debe introducirse en la tabla. </p>\n<p>Para nuestro ejemplo, <em>N=-495 kN</em> y <em>M = M</em><em><sub>dl</sub></em><em> + M</em><em><sub>p</sub></em><em> = 0 kNm</em> se introducen para la etapa t=18250d. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"d37b20a1-aebe-4dc6-b00e-0b968e241757\" data-image-id=\"d37b20a1-aebe-4dc6-b00e-0b968e241757\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/1d509690-84ee-4c8d-a824-2bdc3e78e490/Action%20stages_04.png\" data-asset-id=\"d37b20a1-aebe-4dc6-b00e-0b968e241757\" data-image-id=\"d37b20a1-aebe-4dc6-b00e-0b968e241757\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Lo importante es que estas <strong>etapas</strong> (cada fila de la tabla) <strong>son independientes en el método de Entrada de usuario / Importar</strong>. Esto significa que no es necesario rellenar todas las filas, o se pueden omitir las filas de etapas que no se vayan a verificar. En otras palabras, aunque la primera fila no esté rellena, se obtienen los mismos resultados.</p>\n<h2>Pretensado</h2>\n<p>Existen dos tipos de entrada de pretensado.</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Estimación de las pérdidas de pretensado - Se aplica la tensión máxima al tendón y se introducen los coeficientes</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c27f3331-1514-4130-9cba-7c9c5d5d0b47\" data-image-id=\"c27f3331-1514-4130-9cba-7c9c5d5d0b47\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/61eaba44-5ad6-445a-ac4f-202642c7ec88/Action%20stages_06.png\" data-asset-id=\"c27f3331-1514-4130-9cba-7c9c5d5d0b47\" data-image-id=\"c27f3331-1514-4130-9cba-7c9c5d5d0b47\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <li>Tensión tras pérdidas a largo plazo - se introduce la tensión final leída directamente del modelo FEA. </li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"34eb1eef-e980-4cef-bdda-82c04a1ce340\" data-image-id=\"34eb1eef-e980-4cef-bdda-82c04a1ce340\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/b5482301-cde2-4e8a-8718-c2aa021c8a56/Action%20stages_05.png\" data-asset-id=\"34eb1eef-e980-4cef-bdda-82c04a1ce340\" data-image-id=\"34eb1eef-e980-4cef-bdda-82c04a1ce340\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Se puede observar que la tensión final es la misma en ambos casos.</p>\n<h2>Efecto total del pretensado</h2>\n<p>La tabla del efecto total del pretensado muestra las fuerzas internas primarias calculadas a partir de la geometría y la tensión en el tendón, y las fuerzas internas secundarias que deben introducirse manualmente.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"66e9302c-9395-46ff-a476-058bf09e85f1\" data-image-id=\"66e9302c-9395-46ff-a476-058bf09e85f1\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/b7e83dc2-3774-425c-ab0f-eb86b5ac1639/Action%20stages_07.png\" data-asset-id=\"66e9302c-9395-46ff-a476-058bf09e85f1\" data-image-id=\"66e9302c-9395-46ff-a476-058bf09e85f1\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Fuerzas internas</h2>\n<p>Existe la posibilidad de cargar las fuerzas internas permanentes desde la pestaña de etapas de acción. Las fuerzas internas permanentes se pueden rellenar manualmente, no hay diferencia.</p>\n<p>Se puede utilizar la inclusión automática de <em>Υ</em><em><sub>Gj,sup</sub></em>. Pero para una mejor explicación, el coeficiente se establece en 1,0. Tras hacer clic en el botón Todos, se rellenarán las fuerzas permanentes.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"421a5898-5899-43b6-99e5-7c41ed716519\" data-image-id=\"421a5898-5899-43b6-99e5-7c41ed716519\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/57ac890b-d006-4bb9-9605-ec02e2273cad/Action%20stages_09.png\" data-asset-id=\"421a5898-5899-43b6-99e5-7c41ed716519\" data-image-id=\"421a5898-5899-43b6-99e5-7c41ed716519\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Se obtendrá la misma fuerza interna con el método de Entrada de usuario / Importar o con el método de Calcular. Por supuesto, los valores deben establecerse como se ha mostrado.</p>\n<p>El último elemento es la carga variable. Simplemente introduzca los valores en la tabla.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"5fe21f9c-460c-4ceb-8047-35ad6da69690\" data-image-id=\"5fe21f9c-460c-4ceb-8047-35ad6da69690\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/11c2be61-79cf-4d9d-b435-00ed2c3341e4/Action%20stages_10.png\" data-asset-id=\"5fe21f9c-460c-4ceb-8047-35ad6da69690\" data-image-id=\"5fe21f9c-460c-4ceb-8047-35ad6da69690\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Resultados</h2>\n<p>La situación se explica en el tipo de resultados Respuesta N-M-M. Los valores iniciales (naranja) y el Incremento (verde) están activados.</p>\n<p>Se puede observar el estado inicial, donde la sección transversal está únicamente bajo compresión (<em>M</em><em><sub>dl</sub></em><em> + M</em><em><sub>p</sub></em><em> = 0 kNm</em>). También se puede observar el incremento de la carga variable. El tipo de resultado Total es la suma de los Valores iniciales y los Incrementos.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"d4d77e88-3da1-4d5c-83b4-3237c58bf812\" data-image-id=\"d4d77e88-3da1-4d5c-83b4-3237c58bf812\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/d16ad7aa-dfdd-4de2-9049-fca79572c7b1/Action%20stages_11.png\" data-asset-id=\"d4d77e88-3da1-4d5c-83b4-3237c58bf812\" data-image-id=\"d4d77e88-3da1-4d5c-83b4-3237c58bf812\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Se puede observar en el archivo adjunto que los resultados son los mismos para los métodos de Calcular y de Entrada de usuario / Importar.</p>"
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}Enlaces BIM
Versiones de aplicaciones compatibles con IDEA StatiCa 20.1 (Concrete)
Licencias
Aspectos destacados de las mejoras en licencias:
- Posibilidad de cierre de sesión automático después de cerrar IDEA StatiCa
- IDEA StatiCa se inicia un 40 % más rápido
- Mejores mensajes de error para que sepa cuál es el problema con su licencia
- Nuevo diálogo de licencia con el botón "Contraseña olvidada" a mano