预应力 Detail - 后张钢束

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    "value": "<p>首先，让我们简要介绍一下我们的混凝土设计软件。本文主要介绍 <a data-item-id=\"4d79cdf4-c6ee-47e8-b4f2-58f4281194bf\" href=\"\">Detail 软件</a>中的预应力混凝土设计，该软件主要用于非连续区域设计，或含有非连续区域（如开洞、企口端等）的构件设计。</p>\n<p>为了对比计算结果，我们将使用 <a data-item-id=\"ae6b13f9-ea35-487a-8bbc-bb8152638c79\" href=\"\">Beam 软件</a>，顾名思义，其用途是混凝土梁的设计。&nbsp;</p>\n<p>其次，我们需要明确几个假设和限制条件，以便更好地理解 Detail 中预应力混凝土梁的设计。&nbsp;</p>\n<ul>\n  <li>Detail 软件中未实现时变分析（TDA）。另一方面，Beam 软件中已实现 TDA，用于预应力混凝土梁的设计。</li>\n  <li>在 Detail 中，可通过徐变系数和增量步来模拟 TDA。&nbsp;</li>\n  <li>收缩和温度荷载在 Detail 中未实现。</li>\n  <li>Detail 中不考虑混凝土受拉。因此，在对比计算时，需要采用无裂缝梁。当然，同样的方法也可用于有裂缝的梁，但由于 Beam 中仅提供线性计算，结果将有所不同。</li>\n</ul>\n<h2>增量步</h2>\n<p>在介绍算例之前，我们需要了解增量步在 Detail 中预应力混凝土设计中的工作原理。&nbsp;</p>\n<p>在 Detail 软件中，有 3 种荷载类型，分三个增量步施加到模型上。</p>\n<ul>\n  <li>预应力 - 对应增量步 P</li>\n  <li>永久荷载 - 对应增量步 G</li>\n  <li>可变荷载 - 对应增量步 V</li>\n</ul>\n<p>如果创建一个包含所有荷载类型工况的组合，<strong>预应力荷载类型</strong>的全部份额将在第一个<strong>增量步 P</strong> 中施加，<strong>永久荷载类型</strong>的全部份额将在第二个增量步 <strong>G</strong> 中施加，<strong>可变荷载类型</strong>的全部份额将在第三个增量步 <strong>V</strong> 中施加。</p>\n<p>设置增量步的原因在于，正常使用极限状态计算中采用了不同的材料模型（不同的弹性模量）（对于承载能力极限状态，仅有一种材料模型，定义于 <a data-item-id=\"1838439f-0398-4754-b0c9-6f627127a407\" href=\"\">材料模型（EN）</a>中）。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"218995d6-22b8-47af-a52c-b899f6118040\" data-image-id=\"218995d6-22b8-47af-a52c-b899f6118040\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/b0f0644f-261c-4743-ba67-015f0480f1ce/pre_Detail_24.png\" data-asset-id=\"218995d6-22b8-47af-a52c-b899f6118040\" data-image-id=\"218995d6-22b8-47af-a52c-b899f6118040\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>如图所示，共有三种弹性模量：</p>\n<ul>\n  <li><em>E</em><em><sub>c,eff,press</sub></em><em> = E</em><em><sub>cm</sub></em><em> / (1+φ</em><em><sub>press</sub></em><em>)</em>&nbsp;- 增量步 P 对应的混凝土有效弹性模量</li>\n  <li><em>E</em><em><sub>c,eff,perm</sub></em> <em>= E</em><em><sub>cm</sub></em><em> / (1+φ</em><em><sub>perm</sub></em><em>)</em> - 增量步 G 对应的混凝土有效弹性模量</li>\n  <li><em>E</em><em><sub>cm</sub></em><em> - </em>混凝土割线弹性模量</li>\n</ul>\n<p>其中，<em>φ</em><em><sub>press</sub></em> 和 <em>φ</em><em><sub>perm</sub></em> 分别为增量步 P 和 G 对应的徐变系数，可在\"材料与模型\"中进行设置。</p>\n<p>请注意，对于短期效应，三个增量步均仅使用 <em>E</em><em><sub>cm </sub></em>。长期损失仅在长期效应计算中予以考虑。</p>"
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