Column base: Open section column in compression

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8.1.1 Description

In this chapter, the Component-based Finite Element Method (CBFEM) of the column base under the steel open section column loaded in pure compression on the component method (CM) is verified. The study is prepared for the column cross-section, dimension of base plate, grade of concrete, and dimensions of concrete block.

8.1.2 Component method

Three components are taken into account: column flange and web in compression, concrete in compression including grout, welds. Component column flange and web in compression is described in EN 1993-1-8:2005 Cl. 6.2.6.7. The concrete in compression including grout is modelled according to EN 1993-1-8:2005 Cl. 6.2.6.9 and EN1992-1-1:2005 Cl. 6.7. Two iterations of effective area are used to determine the resistance.

The weld is designed around the column cross-section, see EN 1993-1-8:2005 Cl. 4.5.3.2(6). The thickness of the weld on the flanges is selected the same as the thickness of the weld on the web. Shear force is transferred only by welds on the web and plastic stress distribution is considered.

8.1.3 Base plate under HEB 240

This study is focused on the component the concrete in compression including grout. An example of calculation is shown below for the concrete block with dimensions \(a' = 1000\) mm, \(b' = 1500\) mm, \(h = 800\) mm from concrete grade C20/25 with base plate with dimensions \(a = 330\) mm, \(b = 440\) mm, \(t = 20\) mm from steel grade S235, see Fig. 8.1.2.

The joint stength of the concrete is calculated under effective area of the cross-section, see Fig. 8.1.1, iterating in two steps,  For 1st step it is

\[f_{jd} = \frac{\beta_j k_j f_{ck}}{\gamma_c} = \frac{0.67 \cdot 2.908 \cdot 20}{1.5} = 26 \, \texttt{MPa}\]

\[ c = t \sqrt{\frac{f_y}{3 f_{jd} \gamma_{M0}}} = 20 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{235}{3 \cdot 26 \cdot 1.0}} = 35 \, \texttt{mm} \]

\[ l_{eff} = b+2c = 240 + 2 \cdot 35 = 310 \, \texttt{mm} \]

\[ b_{eff} = t_f + 2 c = 17 + 2 \cdot 35 = 87 \, \texttt{mm} \]

and for 2nd step it is

\[f_{jd} = \frac{\beta_j k_j f_{ck}}{\gamma_c} = \frac{0.67 \cdot 3 \cdot 20}{1.5} = 27 \, \texttt{MPa}\]

\[ c = t \sqrt{\frac{f_y}{3 f_{jd} \gamma_{M0}}} = 20 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{235}{3 \cdot 27 \cdot 1.0}} = 34 \, \texttt{mm} \]

\[ l_{eff} = b+2c = 240 + 2 \cdot 34 = 308 \, \texttt{mm} \]

\[ b_{eff} = t_f + 2 c = 17 + 2 \cdot 34 = 85 \, \texttt{mm} \]

Fig. 8.1.1 Effective area under the base plate

The normal force resistance of the base plate by CM is

\[ N_{Rd} = A_{eff} f_{jd} = 36436 \cdot 27 = 1701 \, \texttt{kN} \]

The stresses calculated by CBFEM are presented in Fig. 8.1.2. The normal force resistance of the base plate by CM is 1683 kN.

Fig. 8.1.2 Geometry of concrete block and normal stresses under baseplate loaded by normal force only

8.1.4 Sensitivity study

Results of CBFEM software were compared with the results of the component method. The comparison was focused on the resistance and the critical component. Studied parameters are: size of the column, dimensions of the base plate, concrete grade, dimensions of the concrete pad. The column cross-sections are HEB 200, HEB 300, and HEB 400. The base plate width and length are chosen as 100 mm, 150 mm and 200 mm larger than the column section, the base plate thickness 15 mm, 20 mm and 25 mm. The concrete block from grade C16/20, C25/30, and C35/45 of height 800 mm with width and length larger than the dimensions of the base plate by 200 mm, 300 mm, and 400 mm. The input parameters are summarized in Tab. 8.1.1. The fillet welds around the column cross-section have the throat thickness a = 8 mm.

Tab. 8.1.1 Selected parameters

Column sectionHEB 200HEB 300HEB 400
Base plate offset100 mm150 mm200 mm
Base plate thickness15 mm20 mm25 mm
Concrete gradeC16/20C25/30C35/45
Concrete pad offset200 mm300 mm400 mm

The resistances determined by CM are in Tab. 8.1.2. One parameter was changed, and the others were held constant at the middle value. NRd is the resistance of component concrete in compression including grout Fc,fc,Rd is the resistance of component column flange and web in compression and Fc,weld is the resistance of welds considering uniform distribution of stress. The joint coefficient βj = 0.67 was used.

Table 8.1.2 Results of component method

ColumnB.p. offset [mm]B.p. thickness [mm]ConcreteC.b. offset [mm]NRd [kN]2.Fc,fc,Rd [kN]Fc,weld [kN]
HEB 20015020C25/30300175316322454
HEB 30015020C25/30300235231263466
HEB 40015020C25/30300257940403822
HEB 30010020C25/30300229631263466
HEB 30020020C25/30300240831263466
HEB 30015015C25/30300190931263466
HEB 30015025C25/30300279531263466
HEB 30015020C16/20300178931263466
HEB 30015020C35/45300290831263466
HEB 30015020C25/30200206431263466
HEB 30015020C25/30400251731263466

The model in CBFEM was loaded by the compressive force equal to NRd, which was determined from the component method. The value of concrete block resistance was chosen as applied force divided by concrete block utilization obtained from the program. The same approach was used to get the resistance of welds Fc,weld: the applied force was divided by weld utilization of the most stressed weld.

Table 8.1.3 Results of CBFEM

ColumnB.p. offset [mm]B.p. thickness [mm]Concrete gradeC.b. offset [mm]Concrete block [kN]Fc,weld [kN]
HEB 20015020C25/3030015651835
HEB 30015020C25/3030023803205
HEB 40015020C25/3030027103650
HEB 30010020C25/3030023853205
HEB 30020020C25/3030024203205
HEB 30015015C25/3030018703204
HEB 30015025C25/3030029153204
HEB 30015020C16/2030018503205
HEB 30015020C35/4530029753205
HEB 30015020C25/3020023803205
HEB 30015020C25/3040024203205

Summary

Verification of CBFEM to CM for base plate loaded in compression is shown in Fig. 8.1.3. The dashed lines correspond to the 110 % and 90 % value of resistance. The difference is up to 14 % due to more accurate evaluation of the design bearing strength of the joint \(f_{jd}\) and effective area \(A_{eff}\) in CBFEM.

Fig. 8.1.3 Verification of CBFEM to CM for base plate loaded in compression

8.1.5 Benchmark case

Input

Column cross section

  • HEB 240
  • Steel S235

Base plate

  • Thickness 20 mm
  • Offsets top 100 mm, left 45 mm
  • Steel S235

Foundation concrete block

  • Concrete C20/25
  • Offset 335 mm, 530 mm
  • Depth 800 mm
  • Grout thickness 30 mm

Anchor bolt

  • M20 8.8

Output

Axial force resistance Nj.Rd = −1683 kN